{"id":15069,"date":"2013-10-13T15:00:00","date_gmt":"2013-10-13T17:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silutesnaujienos.lt\/lt\/zvynuoti-pamario-kaimu-turtai\/"},"modified":"2013-10-13T15:00:00","modified_gmt":"2013-10-13T17:00:00","slug":"zvynuoti-pamario-kaimu-turtai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silutesnaujienos.lt\/lt\/zvynuoti-pamario-kaimu-turtai\/","title":{"rendered":"\u017dvynuoti pamario kaim\u0173 turtai"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"rusne<\/a>„Kod\u0117l buvo prad\u0117ta nuo kaim\u0173 istorin\u0117s raidos tyrim\u0173? Lietuva t\u016bkstan\u010dius met\u0173 buvo agrarinis kra\u0161tas. Kaimai per \u0161imtme\u010dius i\u0161laik\u0117 savo tapatyb\u0119, etni\u0161kum\u0105, lietuvyb\u0119, nors atskiruose regionuose j\u0173 raida buvo skirtinga d\u0117l nevienod\u0173 vystymosi ir gamtos s\u0105lyg\u0173”, – sak\u0117 istorikas, etnografas, Ma\u017eosios Lietuvos kult\u016bros paveldo tyrin\u0117tojas, humanitarini\u0173 moksl\u0173 daktaras Martynas Purvinas.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kitos Europos \u0161alys jau prie\u0161 \u0161imt\u0105 ar daugiau met\u0173 yra i\u0161leidusios leidinius apie savo \u0161alies kaim\u0173 istorin\u0119 raid\u0105, j\u0173 poky\u010dius, pl\u0117tr\u0105, gyventoj\u0173 verslus ir gyvenimo b\u016bdo ypatybes. „Lietuvos kaim\u0173 istorin\u0117s raidos” leidini\u0173 serijoje dar \u0161iais metais tur\u0117t\u0173 pasirodyti Martyno Purvino knyga „Ma\u017eosios Lietyvos kaim\u0173 istorin\u0117 raida”, kurioje pirm\u0105 kart\u0105 bus i\u0161samiai apib\u016bdinta keliasde\u0161imt \u017evej\u0173 kaim\u0173 Kur\u0161i\u0173 mari\u0173 pakrant\u0117se. Jei pavykt\u0173 i\u0161spausdinti dar kelis tokius tomus, tai, pasak autoriaus, jo gyvenimas neb\u016bt\u0173 tu\u0161\u010diai nugyventas. Leid\u017eiamoje knygoje atrasite ir asmeni\u0161k\u0173 sentimentali\u0173 „nukrypim\u0173”, nes M. Purvino prot\u0117viai gyveno Juodkrant\u0117je, Nidoje, prie Klaip\u0117dos. Jaunyst\u0117je jam teko senovi\u0161ka \u017evej\u0173 valtimi – kur\u0117nu arba kur\u0161valte per ekspedicij\u0105 apiplaukti visas Kur\u0161i\u0173 marias. O kolegos tyrin\u0117tojai Martyn\u0105 ir Marij\u0105 Purvinus neretai pavadina „paskutiniaisiais mohikanais”, tirian\u010diais didingus praeities reliktus.<\/p>\n

Judanti mari\u0173 pakrant\u0117<\/strong><\/p>\n

„Tuos senuosius Lietuvos kaimus ir Ma\u017eosios Lietuvos paveld\u0105 tyrin\u0117ju nuo 1972-\u0173j\u0173, jau daugiau kaip 40 met\u0173, per t\u0105 laik\u0105 susikaup\u0117 gausyb\u0117 med\u017eiagos i\u0161 Vokietijos archyv\u0173 ir vadinam\u0173j\u0173 nat\u016brini\u0173 tyrin\u0117jim\u0173 – vaik\u0161tant, ap\u017ei\u016brin\u0117jant, analizuojant kaimus. Asmeniniuose archyvuose – t\u016bkstan\u010diai dokument\u0173 ir fotografij\u0173”, – sak\u0117 Martynas Purvinas.<\/p>\n

Pasak jo, vis d\u0117lto labai skyr\u0117si \u0160iaur\u0117s Lietuvos ir Suvalkijos, Vilniaus kra\u0161to kaimai, ir nebuvo rimtesnio j\u0173 apra\u0161ymo iki 2011 m. i\u0161leistos monografijos „Ryt\u0173 Lietuvos kaimai”, o Ma\u017eoji Lietuva es\u0105 taip pat nebuvo tokia jau ma\u017ea – nuo Kur\u0161i\u0173 mari\u0173 pakrant\u0117s iki Karaliau\u010diaus apygardos Labguvos apskrities. Tai buv\u0119s nevienalytis ruo\u017eas: mari\u0173 pakrant\u0117 buvo sausesn\u0117 – nuo Klaip\u0117dos iki Vent\u0117s, pro Rusn\u0119 tolyn iki Labguvos, kur krantas kilo, t\u0119s\u0117si \u017eema, pelk\u0117ta Nemuno delta.<\/p>\n

„Nuo seniausi\u0173 laik\u0173 \u017emon\u0117ms r\u016bp\u0117jo marios. Jie pasteb\u0117jo, kad u\u017eutekyje, kuris v\u0117liau virto tokiu kaip ir e\u017eeru, \u017euvies b\u016bta gausu, i\u0161 jos buvo galima prasimaitinti, tad \u017emon\u0117s band\u0117 \u012fsitaisyti tose mari\u0173 pakrant\u0117se. Archeologiniai radiniai Kur\u0161i\u0173 nerijoje rodo, kad ten \u017emoni\u0173 gyventa nuo akmens am\u017eiaus, tik per am\u017eius labai keit\u0117si Kur\u0161i\u0173 mari\u0173 pakrant\u0117. Nemuno deltoje susine\u0161\u0117 daug s\u0105na\u0161\u0173, kitur krant\u0105 grau\u017e\u0117 srov\u0117s. Prie Klaip\u0117dos krantas buvo auk\u0161tesnis ir stabilesnis, o didel\u0117 mari\u0173 kranto dalis, u\u017ene\u0161ama dumblo, iki \u0161i\u0173 dien\u0173 yra kintanti. Galima tik sp\u0117lioti, \u017euvies gaudytojai neilgai gal\u0117jo \u010dia i\u0161gyventi, pasistatydavo l\u016b\u0161neles, ir v\u0117l potvynis, audros juos i\u0161vydavo. Niekas \u0161ioje pakrant\u0117je negal\u0117jo stov\u0117ti nejud\u0117damas 100 met\u0173, kaip \u0160vedijoje, kurios pakrant\u0117je i\u0161 j\u016bros kyla tvir\u010diausios uolos, ant kuri\u0173 gal\u0117jai statyti am\u017eius i\u0161silaikan\u010dias pilis”, – ironizavo M. Purvinas.<\/p>\n

Mari\u0173 auksas<\/strong><\/p>\n

Deja, Lietuvoje ra\u0161to epocha buvo v\u0117lyva, tai iki XII a. nelabai kas \u017einoma i\u0161 keliautoj\u0173 apra\u0161ym\u0173, pirmieji i\u0161samesni ra\u0161tai atsirado tik Kry\u017eiuo\u010di\u0173 ir kalavijuo\u010di\u0173 ordino \u012fsigal\u0117jimo laikais. Ta\u010diau ir tuomet buvo ra\u0161oma apie valdovus ir karus, o ne konkre\u010diai apra\u0161in\u0117jamos paprast\u0173 \u017emoni\u0173 vietov\u0117s, j\u0173 verslai, kaip rengiasi, gyvena, k\u0105 valgo.<\/p>\n

„Kaimas tuomet buvo ne\u012fdomus, visiems r\u016bp\u0117jo miestai, pilys auk\u0161tos, valdovai. Yra gra\u017eus kaimo palyginimas su i\u0161trypiama pieva. Tik XIX-XX a. susidom\u0117ta ir paprast\u0173 \u017emoni\u0173 gyvenimais. Kry\u017eiuo\u010di\u0173 ordino ra\u0161tininkai pamini \u017evej\u0173 laimikius, bet nelabai \u017einome senuosius kaim\u0173, kuriuose gyventa prie\u0161 t\u016bkstan\u010dius met\u0173, vardus”, – sak\u0117 M. Purvinas.<\/p>\n

Kai buvo \u012fkurta Klaip\u0117dos pilis, u\u017ekariautojai steng\u0117si aplinkui tur\u0117ti pavald\u017ei\u0173 \u017emoni\u0173, kurie juos maitint\u0173. \u012estatymai neleido, kad \u017evejot\u0173 bet kas, buvo skirstomi pakran\u010di\u0173 ruo\u017eai, XIV- XV a. atsirado grie\u017etos \u017evejybos teis\u0117s. Nepaklususius kardavo. Mari\u0173 pakrant\u0117se k\u016br\u0117si profesional\u016bs \u017evejai, apkrauti prievol\u0117mis. Rasti dokumentai, kuriuose \u017evejybos prievaizdai skund\u0117si, jog \u012f Klaip\u0117dos pil\u012f \u017evejai atve\u017ea prastesn\u0119 \u017euv\u012f nei t\u0105, kuri\u0105 pasilieka sau, kok\u012f ungur\u012f.<\/p>\n

„Kronikininkas Petras Dusburgietis apra\u0161\u0117 karo laivus, o ne \u017evej\u0173 laivelius, kuri\u0173 liekan\u0173, tikiuosi, dar bus atkasta pamario durpynuose. V\u0117lesniais laikais prad\u0117jo plaukioti vietoje kylio \u0161li\u016b\u017e\u0117mis reguliuojamomis plok\u0161\u010diadugn\u0117mis kur\u0161valt\u0117mis, nes marios seklios, pana\u0161ios buvo ir Nyderlanduose. Tai buvo tuometis laiv\u0173 statybos \u0161edevras su bur\u0117mis, galintis plaukioti \u0161imt\u0105 met\u0173. Prie\u0161 II pasaulin\u012f kar\u0105, kai va\u017ein\u0117jo automobiliai, skraid\u0117 l\u0117ktuvai, \u0161imtais pl\u016bduriuojan\u010dios kur\u0161valt\u0117s buvo kaip i\u0161 balan\u0173 gadyn\u0117s”, – sak\u0117 M. Purvinas.<\/p>\n

Beje, kur\u0161valt\u0117ms buvo privalu tur\u0117ti v\u0117trunges, ant kuri\u0173 buvo pa\u017eym\u0117ti vietov\u0117s, miestelio \u017eenklai, kad i\u0161 tolo matyt\u0173si, ar teis\u0117tai \u017evejoja nurodytame mari\u0173 plote. Buvo teigiama, kad Kur\u0161i\u0173 marios – \u017euvingiausias plotas Vokietijos imperijoje.
Pamarie\u010di\u0173 „valstyb\u0117”<\/p>\n

Kaim\u0173 gyvenimo lygis priklaus\u0117 nuo valdomo \u017eem\u0117s sklypo dyd\u017eio ir derlingumo. Prie mari\u0173 \u017evejai stengdavosi susirasti auk\u0161tesn\u0119, sunkiau potvynio pasiekiam\u0105 vietel\u0119, v\u0117liau statyti apsauginiai pylimai. Kaim\u0173 i\u0161d\u0117stymas taik\u0117si prie vietov\u0117s. Tarkime, pelkininkai \u012fsikurdavo pelki\u0173 pakra\u0161\u010diuose, pardavin\u0117davo durpes, stat\u0117si nedidelius pastatus ant lengv\u0173 stulpini\u0173 pamat\u0173.<\/p>\n

„Toks Gilijos kaimas buvusiame Karaliau\u010diaus kra\u0161te tur\u0117jo savo „senamiest\u012f”, kur mediniai namai galais \u012f up\u0119 buvo spraud\u017eiami vienas prie kito per 1-2 metr\u0173 tarp\u0105. Stogai buvo nendriniai iki XX a. pr., juos pakeit\u0117 raudon\u0173 \u010derpi\u0173 stogai. Nemuno deltoje augo vien kr\u016bmynai, alksnynai, potvyni\u0173 pavasar\u012f i\u0161plauti med\u017eiai nuplaukdavo iki Kur\u0161i\u0173 mari\u0173 ir tiko statyboms. Buvo savoti\u0161kas verslas
rankioti ir prekiauti tais grimzduoliais. Po \u017dalgirio m\u016b\u0161io i\u0161 Did\u017eiosios Lietuvos Kunigaik\u0161tyst\u0117s, Nemuno baseino prasid\u0117jo vandens kelias, buvo plukdomi r\u0105st\u0173 sieliai, prasid\u0117jo ir masinis med\u017ei\u0173 kirtimas, prekyba mediena, i\u0161 jos buvo pastatyti Vilniuje valdov\u0173 r\u016bmai”, – sak\u0117 istorikas.<\/p>\n

Daugiau skaitykite \u010dia. <\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

„Kod\u0117l buvo prad\u0117ta nuo kaim\u0173 istorin\u0117s raidos tyrim\u0173? Lietuva t\u016bkstan\u010dius met\u0173 buvo agrarinis kra\u0161tas. Kaimai per \u0161imtme\u010dius i\u0161laik\u0117 savo tapatyb\u0119, etni\u0161kum\u0105, lietuvyb\u0119, nors atskiruose regionuose j\u0173 raida buvo skirtinga d\u0117l nevienod\u0173 vystymosi ir gamtos s\u0105lyg\u0173”, – sak\u0117 istorikas, etnografas, Ma\u017eosios Lietuvos kult\u016bros paveldo tyrin\u0117tojas, humanitarini\u0173 moksl\u0173 daktaras Martynas Purvinas. Kitos Europos \u0161alys jau prie\u0161 \u0161imt\u0105 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15069","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-kultura-ir-svietimas"],"yoast_head":"\n\u017dvynuoti pamario kaim\u0173 turtai - \u0160ilut\u0117s naujienos<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.silutesnaujienos.lt\/lt\/zvynuoti-pamario-kaimu-turtai\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"lt_LT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u017dvynuoti pamario kaim\u0173 turtai - \u0160ilut\u0117s naujienos\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"„Kod\u0117l buvo prad\u0117ta nuo kaim\u0173 istorin\u0117s raidos tyrim\u0173? Lietuva t\u016bkstan\u010dius met\u0173 buvo agrarinis kra\u0161tas. Kaimai per \u0161imtme\u010dius i\u0161laik\u0117 savo tapatyb\u0119, etni\u0161kum\u0105, lietuvyb\u0119, nors atskiruose regionuose j\u0173 raida buvo skirtinga d\u0117l nevienod\u0173 vystymosi ir gamtos s\u0105lyg\u0173”, – sak\u0117 istorikas, etnografas, Ma\u017eosios Lietuvos kult\u016bros paveldo tyrin\u0117tojas, humanitarini\u0173 moksl\u0173 daktaras Martynas Purvinas. 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Lietuva t\u016bkstan\u010dius met\u0173 buvo agrarinis kra\u0161tas. Kaimai per \u0161imtme\u010dius i\u0161laik\u0117 savo tapatyb\u0119, etni\u0161kum\u0105, lietuvyb\u0119, nors atskiruose regionuose j\u0173 raida buvo skirtinga d\u0117l nevienod\u0173 vystymosi ir gamtos s\u0105lyg\u0173”, – sak\u0117 istorikas, etnografas, Ma\u017eosios Lietuvos kult\u016bros paveldo tyrin\u0117tojas, humanitarini\u0173 moksl\u0173 daktaras Martynas Purvinas. 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