{"id":15112,"date":"2015-02-11T16:00:00","date_gmt":"2015-02-11T18:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silutesnaujienos.lt\/lt\/etnologe-g-kadzyte-uzgavenes-tai-startas-i-didziausia-lietuviu-tradicinio-kalendoriaus-svente-velykas\/"},"modified":"2015-02-11T16:00:00","modified_gmt":"2015-02-11T18:00:00","slug":"etnologe-g-kadzyte-uzgavenes-tai-startas-i-didziausia-lietuviu-tradicinio-kalendoriaus-svente-velykas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silutesnaujienos.lt\/lt\/etnologe-g-kadzyte-uzgavenes-tai-startas-i-didziausia-lietuviu-tradicinio-kalendoriaus-svente-velykas\/","title":{"rendered":"Etnolog\u0117 G.Kad\u017eyt\u0117: \u201eU\u017egav\u0117n\u0117s tai startas \u012f did\u017eiausi\u0105 lietuvi\u0173 tradicinio kalendoriaus \u0161vent\u0119 – Velykas\u201c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"uzgavenes<\/a>Vasario 17-\u0105j\u0105 – Lietuva \u0161v\u0119s U\u017egav\u0117nes. Bet ar \u017einojote, kad antradienis n\u0117ra pagrindin\u0117 U\u017egav\u0117ni\u0173 \u0161vent\u0117s diena – tai yra jos uodega, karnaval\u0173 meto arba m\u0117s\u0117do, trukusio nuo Kal\u0117d\u0173, pabaiga?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pelen\u0173 ryt\u0105 – tre\u010diadien\u012f – visi puodai ir dubenys turi b\u016bti pelenais i\u0161valyti, kad riebalo n\u0117 la\u0161o nelikt\u0173, o \u017emon\u0117s jau turi b\u016bti atsivalg\u0119, atsid\u016bk\u0119 ir tyliais bei rimtais darbais u\u017esiimti. Tai gav\u0117nios laikotarpio prad\u017eia.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Visoje Lietuvoje vyrauja \u017eemaiti\u0161kas U\u017egav\u0117ni\u0173 modelis – deginama \u017eemaiti\u0161ka Mor\u0117, po kiemus vaik\u0161to \u017eemaiti\u0161ki persireng\u0117liai, linkima ger\u0173 met\u0173, pa\u0161iepiami tie, kurie laiku neapsived\u0117, nei\u0161tek\u0117jo, grumiasi La\u0161ininis su Kanapiniu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Apie \u0161iuos ir daugyb\u0119 kit\u0173 U\u017egav\u0117ni\u0173 \u0161ventimo papro\u010di\u0173 \u0161iluti\u0161kiams papasakojo viena \u017eymiausi\u0173 Lietuvos etnologi\u0173 Gra\u017eina Kad\u017eyt\u0117. Jos paskaita \u012fvyko pirm\u0105 kart\u0105 vie\u0161am renginiui duris atv\u0117rusiuose Hugo \u0160ojaus r\u016bmuose.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0160ilut\u0117s muziejaus etnograf\u0117 Indr\u0117 Skablauskait\u0117 primin\u0117, kad muziejus tre\u010dius metus vykdo projekt\u0105 \u201eKaip lietuvininkai ypati\u0161kas \u0161ventes \u0161vent\u0117\u201c. Tokiu b\u016bdu bandoma prisiminti Ma\u017eajai Lietuvai b\u016bdingas tradicijas, o kadangi 2015-ieji metai paskelbti Lietuvos etnografini\u0173 region\u0173 metais, tai buvo nuspr\u0119sta \u0161iluti\u0161kiams pateikti \u017eini\u0173 ir apie papro\u010dius \u012fvairiuose Lietuvos regionuose.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lietuvoje vyrauja \u017eemaiti\u0161kas U\u017egav\u0117ni\u0173 modelis<\/strong><\/p>\n

G.Kad\u017eyt\u0117 primin\u0117, kad lietuvi\u0173 tauta yra labai sena, ir su kitomis tautomis keliavusi per taut\u0173 kraustym\u0105si, ir savo tradicijas k\u016brusi, ir kai k\u0105 i\u0161 kaimyn\u0173 nusi\u017ei\u016br\u0117jusi. D\u0117l to, anot jos, mes ir turime toki\u0105 didel\u0119 papro\u010di\u0173 \u012fvairov\u0119.
\u201eKod\u0117l \u017eemaiti\u0161kas U\u017egav\u0117ni\u0173 modelis perdeng\u0117 vis\u0105 Lietuv\u0105?\u201c, – i\u0161k\u0117l\u0117 klausim\u0105 etnolog\u0117.<\/p>\n

Vis\u0173 pirma, kai kuriasi valstyb\u0117, ji savo vienovei palaikyti turi sudaryti viening\u0105 kalendori\u0173, kuriame b\u016bt\u0173 su\u017eym\u0117tos svarbiausios met\u0173 \u0161vent\u0117s. Pasak G.Kad\u017eyt\u0117s, kai valstyb\u0117 okupuojama, aneksuojama ar kitaip netenka savaranki\u0161kumo, jai bandoma primesti kitas tradicijas, bet, k\u0105 tur\u0117jai, tas yra brangu. Kaip \u017emogus gaisro ar kitos nedalios i\u0161varytas i\u0161 nam\u0173 ka\u017ek\u0105 pasiima, taip ir i\u0161 to daug kart\u0173 naikinto kalendoriaus, lietuviai visose Lietuvos dalyse pasiimdavo k\u0105 nors, kas jiems buvo ar\u010diau prie \u0161irdies. Taigi U\u017egav\u0117n\u0117s i\u0161liko \u017eemaiti\u0161kos, o, pavyzd\u017eiui, Jonin\u0117s – auk\u0161taiti\u0161kos.<\/p>\n

Auk\u0161tai\u010diai tur\u0117jo ir savitas U\u017egav\u0117nes, bet U\u017egav\u0117n\u0117mis nevadino. \u0160ios \u0161vent\u0117s atbalsio b\u016bta ir Suvalkijoje bei Dz\u016bkijoje. <\/p>\n

Garsiojo dz\u016bko Petro Zalansko knygoje \u201e\u010ciulba ulba sakalas\u201c nera\u0161oma apie persireng\u0117lius, visas U\u017egav\u0117ni\u0173 vyksmas, anot P.Zalansko, yra tai, kad so\u010diai visi valgo – paskutin\u012f vakar\u0105 prie\u0161 gav\u0117ni\u0105 u\u017esisrebia pienu gerai u\u017ebalint\u0173 lak\u0161tini\u0173 ir po to \u0161eiminink\u0117 atne\u0161a virt\u0173 la\u0161ini\u0173 ir visiems si\u016blo, o visi atsisakin\u0117ja. \u201eVadinasi, visi sot\u016bs, kad jau nieko\u201c, – pastebi etnolog\u0117. T\u0105 la\u0161ini\u0173 gabal\u0117l\u012f ne\u0161davo prie aruod\u0173 svirne ir tik\u0117davo, kad jeigu \u017emon\u0117s atsisak\u0117 la\u0161ini\u0173, tai pel\u0117s tur\u0117t\u0173 imti pavyzd\u012f ir atsisakyti gr\u016bd\u0173.<\/p>\n

Dz\u016bkai apie U\u017egav\u0117ni\u0173 persireng\u0117lius ne\u0161neka, ta\u010diau puikiai \u017einomos trij\u0173 karali\u0173 vaik\u0161tyn\u0117s. Vilnijos kra\u0161to lenki\u0161kai kalbantys gyventojai darydavo trij\u0173 karali\u0173 vaik\u0161tynes, o sausio pabaigoje ap\u017ei\u016br\u0105 – visi pristatydavo savo programas, kokias buvo padar\u0119 trij\u0173 karali\u0173 vaik\u0161tynes. \u201eTaigi trij\u0173 karali\u0173 vaik\u0161tyn\u0117s tai kauk\u0117s, vyksmas, nam\u0173 palaiminimas – juk trys karaliai laimina namus. Mes dabar patys u\u017esibr\u0117\u017eiame tas tris raides ir kry\u017eiukus, o seniau b\u016btent trys karaliai ir u\u017ebr\u0117\u017edavo tas tris raides, palaimindami b\u016bst\u0105, ir u\u017e tai juos vai\u0161indavo\u201c, – sak\u0117 G.Kad\u017eyt\u0117.<\/p>\n

Karnaval\u0173 metu atsid\u016bkdavo<\/strong><\/p>\n

Karnaval\u0173 metas trukdavo per vis\u0105 m\u0117s\u0117do laikotarp\u012f. Anot etnolog\u0117s, m\u0117s\u0117das b\u016bdavo simboli\u0161kai apr\u0117mintas – Kal\u0117d\u0173 pirm\u0105j\u0105 dien\u0105 ant stalo \u0161eiminink\u0117 i\u0161keldavo visaip papuo\u0161t\u0105 virt\u0105 kiaul\u0117s galv\u0105. Paskui po truput\u012f valgydavo ir kitas dalis, kol gal\u0173 gale \u012f U\u017egav\u0117ni\u0173 \u0161iupin\u012f ateidavo uodega ir koj\u0173 liku\u010diai – galeliai, nuobaig\u0117l\u0117s.<\/p>\n

Kur nedaug to maisto (pas valstie\u010dius), tai tas ir svarbiausia, bet dvaruose, kur maisto problema nebuvo aktuali, iki gav\u0117nios b\u016bdavo \u017eaid\u017eiama, atsid\u016bkstama, nes gav\u0117nios metas – tai rimt\u0173 darb\u0173 metas, ir da\u017eniausiai mokymosi sesijos b\u016bdavo adventas ir gav\u0117nia.<\/p>\n

Karnaval\u0173 metas u\u017esibaigdavo per U\u017egav\u0117nes. \u201eK\u0105 mes dabar turime kaip neeilin\u0119 \u0161vent\u0119, tai anks\u010diau buvo tik pati pabaiga. Per U\u017egav\u0117nes pabaigdavo nune\u0161ioti kaukes, o i\u0161 t\u0173 nune\u0161iot\u0173 draiskaliuk\u0173 ir Mor\u0119 padarydavo, ir kostium\u0173 liku\u010dius \u012f lau\u017e\u0105 \u012fmesdavo\u201c, – pasakojo etnolog\u0117.<\/p>\n

Mor\u0117 – tai blogis<\/strong><\/p>\n

Daugelis G.Kad\u017eyt\u0117s klausia, i\u0161 kur pas lietuvius tas paprotys deginti Mor\u0119? Anot jos, mes pa\u0117m\u0117me apeig\u0105 kaip fakt\u0105, bet nepa\u017ei\u016br\u0117jome \u012f jos prasm\u0119. \u201eDabar mada gaminti gra\u017eias Morytes, bet \u017evelgdami \u012f senas nuotraukas, Mor\u0119 pamatysite kaip dideliausi\u0105 pam\u0117kl\u0119, i\u0161 visoki\u0173 \u0161iaud\u0173, \u0161ieno atliek\u0173, skudur\u0173 surai\u0161iot\u0105, susukt\u0105. Tarytum formuojama galva, bet toje galvoje normaliai n\u0117ra nei aki\u0173, nei \u0161ypsenos, nei nosies; tarytum yra rankos, bet neturi pir\u0161t\u0173 ir pla\u0161tak\u0173, koj\u0173 irgi n\u0117ra kur remtis. Ka\u017ekoks balvonas\u201c, – \u0161yptel\u0117jo etnolog\u0117.<\/p>\n

\u017demaiti\u0161kos Mor\u0117s variantas atrod\u0117 taip: ant sul\u016b\u017eusi\u0173 rogi\u0173 pava\u017eos pritvirtintas ratlankis, ant ratlankio – stiebas, ant stiebo – Mor\u0117. Ji buvo ve\u017eiojama ir visus lankydavo, surinkdama \u017emoni\u0173 b\u0117das. Anot G.Kad\u017eyt\u0117s, \u017evelgiant i\u0161 \u0161i\u0173 laik\u0173, galima interpretuoti, kad dabar mes patys ateiname pas Mor\u0119 su savo b\u0117domis, nes pastatyta ji nebesir\u016bpina surinkti m\u016bs\u0173 negandas.<\/p>\n

\u201eMor\u0117 n\u0117ra \u017emogus – jeigu ji yra u\u017et\u016bpusi saul\u0119, jeigu ji surenka visas b\u0117das, vadinasi, ji yra blogis. O kas yra blogis m\u016bs\u0173 platum\u0173 \u017emogui?\u201c – klaus\u0117 etnolog\u0117. Tai yra \u0161altis, tamsa, juos lydintys badas, ligos, tarpusavio pyk\u010diai. Blogis, anot etnolog\u0117s, gudrus: jis nori apsimesti, kad yra toks kaip mes, \u012fsitrinti tarp m\u016bs\u0173 ir prad\u0117ti mus keisti pagal save. Kad mes tokie pasidarytume: lyg ir turime akis, bet nematome, ko reikia, lyg ir turime ausis, bet nei\u0161girstame verkian\u010dio ar pagalbos pra\u0161an\u010dio, lyg ir turime lie\u017euv\u012f, bet jis neapsiver\u010dia geram \u017eod\u017eiui, lyg ir turim rankas, bet jos neapkabina…<\/p>\n

V\u0117lesniais laikais atsiranda kitokios Mori\u0173 modifikacijos – karikat\u016bros, kelian\u010dios juok\u0105 d\u0117l elgsenos, apsirengimo stiliaus.
Parodijuojama b\u016btent tai, kas neatitinka bendrosios nuomon\u0117s, dorov\u0117s, bendruomenin\u0117s elgsenos standart\u0173, kas pa\u017eeisdavo bendro samb\u016brio harmonij\u0105. I\u0161 to ir b\u016bdavo pasi\u0161aipoma. Galb\u016bt tod\u0117l \u0161iandien daugelis Mori\u0173 vaizduojamos did\u017eiakr\u016bt\u0117s, menkai apsirengusios ar net su auk\u0161takulniais.<\/p>\n

Ne\u012fprasti, nekasdieniai dalykai atsispind\u0117davo ir U\u017egav\u0117ni\u0173 kauk\u0117se. Pavyzd\u017eiui, kai \u017emoni\u0173 \u016bkyje atsirado prijaukinti gyv\u016bnai, U\u017egav\u0117n\u0117se atsiranda o\u017eiai, arkliai. Kaip am\u017eiams b\u0117gant keit\u0117si visuomen\u0117s gyvenimas, taip \u012f U\u017egav\u0117ni\u0173 karnaval\u0105 \u012fsipindavo ir \u010digonai, prekybininkai, \u017eydai, daktarai. Anot etnolog\u0117s, per metus \u017emon\u0117s prisirinkdavo visokiausi\u0173 prisiminim\u0173, i\u0161 kuri\u0173 suvaidindavo \u012fvairias sceneles. \u201eU\u017egav\u0117n\u0117s yra gra\u017eus margumynas: persireng\u0117liai, Mor\u0117, pavaik\u0161\u010diojimas ir paklausimas, ar leisite palinksminti, palaiminti namelius. Jei \u0161eiminink\u0117 sutinka, u\u017eeinama, jei nesutinka neu\u017eeinama\u201c, – kalb\u0117jo ji.<\/p>\n

Velykos – didi \u0161vent\u0117<\/strong><\/p>\n

U\u017egav\u0117n\u0117s \u0161ven\u010diamos ne- vienodu metu: kartais – vasario, o kartais – kovo prad\u017eioje, bet tai, anot G.Kad\u017eyt\u0117, ne U\u017egav\u0117ni\u0173 savyb\u0117 – jos visi\u0161kai priklauso nuo Velyk\u0173: anks\u010diau Velykos – anks\u010diau U\u017egav\u0117n\u0117s, v\u0117liau Velykos – v\u0117liau ir U\u017egav\u0117n\u0117s.<\/p>\n

Did\u017eiausia viso m\u016bs\u0173 tradicinio kalendoriaus \u0161vent\u0117 yra Velykos. Tai pirmas sekmadienis stojus m\u0117nulio pilna\u010diai po pavasario lygiadienio, arba kai po pavasario lygiadienio m\u0117nulis pasiekia pilnat\u012f ir po pilnaties pirmas sekmadienis. \u0160itas paskai\u010diavimas rodo, kad Velykos apima tris kalendorines sistemas: m\u0117nulio lunarin\u0119, saul\u0117s solidarin\u0119 ir krik\u0161\u010dioni\u0161k\u0105 kalendori\u0173 (sekmadienis – \u0161venta diena, \u0161vent\u0117).<\/p>\n

Prie\u0161 Velykas Didysis penktadienis daug kur vadinamas V\u0117li\u0173 velyk\u0117l\u0117mis, sakoma, Did\u012fj\u012f penktadien\u012f geriau ka\u017ekur nesibla\u0161kyti, jeigu n\u0117ra b\u016btino reikalo, kad nepereitum keli\u0173 v\u0117l\u0117ms, kurios i\u0161eina pasi\u017ei\u016br\u0117ti atgimstan\u010dio pavasarinio pasaulio. \u201eVelykos – tai didi diena. Did\u017eiausia \u0161vent\u0117, per am\u017eius suslav\u0117jusi ir gavusi  Velyk\u0173 pavadinim\u0105\u201c, – sak\u0117 etnolog\u0117.<\/p>\n

I\u0161 vis\u0173 met\u0173 \u0161ven\u010di\u0173 Velykoms reikia ilgiausio pasiruo\u0161imo – joms skiriamos septynios savait\u0117s yra minimalus laikas.<\/p>\n

Pasak G.Kad\u017eyt\u0117s, U\u017egav\u0117n\u0117s yra startas \u012f Velykin\u012f \u0161ven\u010di\u0173 met\u0105. Pana\u0161u, kad kadaise m\u016bs\u0173 platumose naujo gyvenimo prad\u017eia buvo siejama su pavasariniu metu, kai at\u0161yla, atsiranda gyvyb\u0117, ir \u017emogus supranta, kad dabar jis jau gyvens, bent jau \u0161ilt\u0105j\u012f \u0161vies\u0173j\u012f met\u0105. Jeigu jis nenumir\u0117 per bado \u017eiem\u0105.
\"\"
\u201eNauj\u0105 met\u0105 gali prad\u0117ti prasmingai, kai atlaisvini jam erdv\u0119 nuo viso pra\u0117jusi\u0173 met\u0173 brudo\u201c, – sak\u0117 etnolog\u0117. Juk jeigu namuose susikrausi visk\u0105, kas sul\u016b\u017e\u0119, apgriuv\u0119, tai kur tu pasistatysi nauj\u0105 ger\u0105 dalyk\u0105. U\u017egav\u0117n\u0117s yra tos vietos atlaisvinimas, o atsikratyti geriausia tada, kai visi\u0161kai \u012fgr\u012fsta.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vasario 17-\u0105j\u0105 – Lietuva \u0161v\u0119s U\u017egav\u0117nes. Bet ar \u017einojote, kad antradienis n\u0117ra pagrindin\u0117 U\u017egav\u0117ni\u0173 \u0161vent\u0117s diena – tai yra jos uodega, karnaval\u0173 meto arba m\u0117s\u0117do, trukusio nuo Kal\u0117d\u0173, pabaiga? Pelen\u0173 ryt\u0105 – tre\u010diadien\u012f – visi puodai ir dubenys turi b\u016bti pelenais i\u0161valyti, kad riebalo n\u0117 la\u0161o nelikt\u0173, o \u017emon\u0117s jau turi b\u016bti atsivalg\u0119, atsid\u016bk\u0119 ir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15112","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-kultura-ir-svietimas"],"yoast_head":"\nEtnolog\u0117 G.Kad\u017eyt\u0117: \u201eU\u017egav\u0117n\u0117s tai startas \u012f did\u017eiausi\u0105 lietuvi\u0173 tradicinio kalendoriaus \u0161vent\u0119 - Velykas\u201c - \u0160ilut\u0117s naujienos<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.silutesnaujienos.lt\/lt\/etnologe-g-kadzyte-uzgavenes-tai-startas-i-didziausia-lietuviu-tradicinio-kalendoriaus-svente-velykas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"lt_LT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Etnolog\u0117 G.Kad\u017eyt\u0117: \u201eU\u017egav\u0117n\u0117s tai startas \u012f did\u017eiausi\u0105 lietuvi\u0173 tradicinio kalendoriaus \u0161vent\u0119 - Velykas\u201c - \u0160ilut\u0117s naujienos\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Vasario 17-\u0105j\u0105 – Lietuva \u0161v\u0119s U\u017egav\u0117nes. 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