{"id":16581,"date":"2015-04-08T13:00:00","date_gmt":"2015-04-08T15:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silutesnaujienos.lt\/lt\/sauksciai-lapu-milzinai\/"},"modified":"2015-04-08T13:00:00","modified_gmt":"2015-04-08T15:00:00","slug":"sauksciai-lapu-milzinai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silutesnaujienos.lt\/lt\/sauksciai-lapu-milzinai\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0160auk\u0161\u010diai – lap\u0173 mil\u017einai"},"content":{"rendered":"

 \"IMG<\/a>Gavome skaitytojos Birut\u0117s nuotraukas, kuriose pakeles savo rausvai violetin\u0117s spalvos \u017eiedais nukloj\u0119s nematytas augalas. \u201e\u0160ilut\u0117s naujien\u0173\u201c Facebook paskyroje vakar pra\u0161\u0117me j\u016bs\u0173 pagalbos pad\u0117ti nustatyti, koks gi \u0161iuo metu taip gra\u017eiai \u017eydintis augalas – atsi\u0173stose fotografijose? Netrukus sulauk\u0117me atsakymo, kad tai – pla\u010dialapis \u0161auk\u0161tis. Pasirodo, kad tai ne tik gra\u017eiai \u017eydintis, bet ir naudingas augalas.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0160auk\u0161\u010diai – tai astrini\u0173 (Asteraceae) \u0161eimos daugiame\u010diai \u017eoliniai augalai. \u017diedynai u\u017eauga 30 \u2013 100 cm, sultingi, stori, padengti \u017eiedynlapiais. Prad\u017eioje formuoja kek\u0117s arba skydelio pavidalo \u017eiedynus, augant i\u0161t\u012fsta sudaro \u0161luotel\u0117s arba netikro sk\u0117\u010dio \u017eiedynus. \u017diedai-grai\u017eai balti, gelsvi, \u017ealsvai gelsvi arba rausvi. Dauguma dvinamiai, sudaro vyri\u0161kus ir moteri\u0161kus \u017eiedus-grai\u017eus ant skirting\u0173 augal\u0173. \u017dydi anksti pavasar\u012f kovo pabaigoje, baland\u012f bei gegu\u017e\u0119.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vaisiai luk\u0161tavaisiai, su ilgais, baltais p\u016bkeliais skirstukais. S\u0117klos subr\u0119sta gegu\u017e\u0119, bir\u017eel\u012f bei liep\u0105. Plinta \u0161akniastiebiais ir s\u0117klomis. S\u0117klas i\u0161ne\u0161ioja v\u0117jas. Kai kurios r\u016b\u0161ys plinta tik \u0161akniastiebiais.<\/p>\n

Nu\u017eyd\u0117jus spar\u010diai auga pamatiniai lapai. Lapalak\u0161\u010dio plotis iki 150 cm, lapko\u010dio ilgis iki 200 cm. Lapai pla\u010diai oval\u016bs, pla\u010diai kiau\u0161ini\u0161ki, pla\u010diai trikampiai, \u0161irdi\u0161ki, dantyti. Jauni lapai vir\u0161utin\u0117je pus\u0117je pilk\u0161vai \u017eali, plaukuoti, apatin\u0117je pus\u0117je pilk\u0161vi, intensyviai plaukuoti. Lapams augant plaukuotumas vir\u0161utin\u0117je pus\u0117je ret\u0117ja arba visai i\u0161nyksta, tampa \u017eali arba \u0161viesiai \u017eali. Apatin\u0117 lapo pus\u0117 nekinta.<\/p>\n

\u0160akniastiebiai \u0161liau\u017eantys, ilgi, virvut\u0117s pavidalo, stori iki pus\u0117s metro, esantis vir\u0161utiniame dirvo\u017eemio sluoksnyje. Greitai plinta.<\/p>\n

\u0160auk\u0161\u010dio (Petasites) gentis apjungia apie 20 r\u016b\u0161i\u0173. R\u016b\u0161ys paplitusios \u0161iaurinio \u017eemyno rajonuose, vyraujant vidutini\u0173 platum\u0173 klimatui, kai kurios pasiekia subarktin\u0119 zon\u0105. Arealas apima vis\u0105 Europ\u0105, Vidur\u017eemio paj\u016brio \u0160iaur\u0117s Afrikos \u0161alis, Kaukaz\u0105, Sibir\u0105, Tolimuosius Rytus, Ryt\u0173 Azij\u0105 ir \u0160iaur\u0117s Amerik\u0105. Auga dr\u0117gnuose mi\u0161kuose, upi\u0173, upeli\u0173, e\u017eer\u0173 pakrant\u0117se, pelk\u0117tose, versm\u0117tose bei kalnuotose vietose, daubose. Sudaro didelius ir nepraeinamus s\u0105\u017ealynus. M\u0117gsta dr\u0117gnus, purius sm\u0117lio, priemolio, pelk\u0117tus dirvo\u017eemius. Kalnuose pakyla iki 3000 vir\u0161 j\u016bros lygio.<\/p>\n

I\u0161 graik\u0173 kalbos \u201cpetasos\u201c \u2013 kepur\u0117 nuo saul\u0117s. Tai susij\u0119 su mil\u017eini\u0161kais lapais. Kaitri\u0105 vasaros dien\u0105 jais galima prisidengti nuo saul\u0117s.<\/p>\n

Lietuvoje paplitusios 2 \u0161auk\u0161\u010di\u0173 r\u016b\u0161ys: pla\u010dialapis \u0161auk\u0161tis (Petasites hybridus (L.) Gaert.) ir pilkalapis \u0161auk\u0161tis (Petasitis spurius (Retz.) Rchb).<\/p>\n

Anksti pavasar\u012f nutirpus sniegui, kovo pabaigoje – baland\u017eio m\u0117nes\u012f, palei upi\u0173, e\u017eer\u0173, tvenkini\u0173 pakrantes, atvirose vietose arba po med\u017eiais, dirvos pavir\u0161iuje pasirodo ro\u017einiai kupsteliai. Tai pla\u010dialapiai \u0161auk\u0161\u010diai. VU Botanikos sode taip pat auga nema\u017ea j\u0173 populiacija palei tvenkin\u012f. Da\u017eniausiai sutinkami pietvakariniuose \u0161alies rajonuose, kitur retesni, bet pasitaiko visoje Lietuvoje. Paplit\u0119 visoje Europoje \u2013 nuo Skandinavijos \u012f pietus ir \u012f rytus iki Ispanijos, \u0161iaur\u0117s ir vakar\u0173 Azijoje.<\/p>\n

Pla\u010dialapio \u0161auk\u0161\u010dio (Petasites hybridus (L.) Gaert.) \u017eiedynai i\u0161t\u012fsta iki 50-60 cm auk\u0161\u010dio. \u017diedynlapiai rausvi, ilgi, nusmail\u0117jusia vir\u0161\u016bne. \u017diedai-grai\u017eai smulk\u016bs, sudaro tankias kekes, augant \u2013\u0161luoteles pavidalo \u017eiedynus. Vyri\u0161ki-grai\u017eai raudoni, moteri\u0161ki \u2013 ro\u017einiai. Medingas. Br\u0119stant, grai\u017eai pilk\u0117ja, pab\u0105la, gegu\u017e\u0117s pabaigoje – bir\u017eelio prad\u017eioje pasirodo balti p\u016bkai. Vaisius cilindri\u0161kas luk\u0161tavaisis su ilgu, baltu p\u016bkeliu skirstuku. Lietuvoje pla\u010dialapiai \u0161auk\u0161\u010diai s\u0117klomis neplinta, nes aptinkami tik moteri\u0161ki egzemplioriai, plinta \u0161akniastiebiais. \u0160akniastiebis stambus iki 1,5 m ilgio ir 1-2 cm storio, m\u0117singas, gumbuotas, baltas, \u0161viesoje greitai tams\u0117ja.\"IMG<\/a><\/p>\n

Nu\u017eyd\u0117j\u0119 pradeda intensyviai auginti pamatinius lapus. Lapai stambus, \u017eali, oval\u016bs, su \u0161irdi\u0161ku pagrindu, lapkotis iki 150 cm ilgio, lapalak\u0161tis iki 60-80 cm skersmens. Jaun\u0173 lap\u0173 apatin\u0117 pus\u0117 gausiai plaukuota, sen\u0173 \u2013 plika. Lap\u0173 s\u0105\u017ealynai labai dekoratyv\u016bs, nustebins kiekvien\u0105 pama\u010dius\u012f.<\/p>\n

Pla\u010dialapio \u0161auk\u0161\u010dio augaliniai preparatai pla\u010diai buvo \u017einomi ir naudojami jau viduram\u017eiais. Kaip profilaktin\u0117 priemon\u0117 jie buvo vartojami nuo choleros, maro ir \u0161iltin\u0117s. D\u0117l nauding\u0173 vaistini\u0173 savybi\u0173 pla\u010dialapis \u0161auk\u0161tis paplito visoje Europoje. Nuo XVII a. lap\u0173 ir \u0161akniastiebi\u0173 preparatais buvo gydoma migrena, kosulys, astma (dusulys). V\u0117liau pla\u010dialapio \u0161auk\u0161\u010dio preparat\u0173 vartojimas buvo pristabdytas. Su\u017einota, kad jis kaupia alkaloid\u0105 pirolizdin\u0105, tai kenkia kepenims. Dabar \u0161iuolaiki\u0161kais metodais i\u0161 jo pa\u0161alina pirolizdin\u0105. Homeopatijoje jo preparatai naudojami \u012fveikti \u012fvairius negalavimus. Preparatai skirti \u016bmiai ir \u012fsisen\u0117jusiai neuralgijai, kv\u0117pavimo tak\u0173 u\u017edegimams bei migrenai gydyti. \u0160vie\u017ei jauni lapai dedami ant vo\u010di\u0173, mal\u0161ina s\u0105nari\u0173 skausm\u0105.<\/p>\n

Pilkalapis \u0161auk\u0161tis (Petasitis spurius (Retz.) Rchb) \u0160iaur\u0117s ir Vidurio Lietuvoje retas. Auga paj\u016bryje, upi\u0173 bei e\u017eer\u0173 pakrant\u0117se, sm\u0117lyje. Arealas apima vis\u0105 Europ\u0105, Kaukaz\u0105, Sibir\u0105 bei Vidurio Azij\u0105.<\/p>\n

\u017diedynai i\u0161t\u012fsta iki 15-40 cm auk\u0161\u010dio. \u017diedynlapiai \u017ealsvi, lanceti\u0161ki, pliki, nusmail\u0117jusia vir\u0161\u016bne. Dvinamiai. \u017diedai-grai\u017eai 5-8 mm ilgio ir 7-10 mm plo\u010dio. Moteri\u0161ki-grai\u017eai balti, vyri\u0161ki \u2013 geltoni. \u017diedynas sudarytas i\u0161 15-30 \u017eied\u0173-grai\u017e\u0173, prad\u017eioje sudaro tankias kekes, augant – \u0161luoteles arba netikro sk\u0117\u010dio. \u017dydi baland\u017eio – gegu\u017e\u0117s m\u0117n. Medingas. S\u0117klos subr\u0119sta bir\u017eelio-liepos m\u0117n. Vaisius cilindri\u0161kas, briaunuotas 2 mm ilgio, luk\u0161tavaisis su ilgu, baltu p\u016bkeliu skirstuku. Subrandina s\u0117klas, bet spar\u010diau plinta \u0161akniastiebiais. \u0160akniastiebis ilgas, \u0161liau\u017eiantis, m\u0117singas, 5-10 mm storio, \u0161akotas, i\u0161 jo gumbi\u0161kai sustor\u0117jusi\u0173 viet\u0173 i\u0161auga kuok\u0161tin\u0117s \u0161aknys. Sudaro i\u0161tisus s\u0105\u017ealynus.<\/p>\n

Nu\u017eyd\u0117j\u0119 pradeda intensyviai auginti pamatinius lapus. Jie trikampio formos, \u0161irdi\u0161ki, nelygiai dantyti. Lapkotis u\u017eauga iki 100 cm, lapalak\u0161tis iki 70 cm. Jauni lapai abipus pilkai plaukuoti. Pamatiniams lapams augant vir\u0161utin\u0117 pus\u0117 pilkai plaukuota tik tarpais arba plika (\u017ealia), apatin\u0117 – pilkai plaukuota.<\/p>\n

Homeopatijoje jo preparatai naudojami \u012fveikti \u012fvairius negalavimus. Preparatai skirti kv\u0117pavimo tak\u0173 u\u017edegimams gydyti , spazmams numal\u0161inti. \u0160vie\u017ei jauni lapai ma\u017eina s\u0105nari\u0173 skausm\u0105.<\/p>\n

\u0160iaur\u0117s ir Vidurio Europoje, Vidur\u017eemio paj\u016brio regionuose ir Kaukaze, kalnuotose vietov\u0117se iki 2700 m vir\u0161 j\u016bros lygio, palei upelius bei dr\u0117gnuose mi\u0161kuose galima aptikti \u0161auk\u0161t\u012f Petasites kablikianus Tausch ex Bercht.<\/p>\n

\u017diedynai u\u017eauga iki 30-60 cm auk\u0161\u010dio. Prad\u017eioje sudaro tankius skydelius, augant \u2013 \u0161luotel\u0117s pavidalo \u017eiedynus. \u017diedynlapiai \u0161viesiai \u017eali, pailgai kiau\u0161ini\u0161ki, pliki. Dvinamiai. \u017diedai\u2013grai\u017eai 15 mm ilgio ir 5-8 mm plo\u010dio, gelsvai balti ir balti. \u017dydi baland\u017eio – gegu\u017e\u0117s m\u0117n. Medingas. S\u0117klos subr\u0119sta bir\u017eelio-liepos m\u0117n. Vaisius luk\u0161tavaisis, su ilgu, baltu p\u016bkeliu skirstuku. Plinta s\u0117klomis ir \u0161akniastiebiais. \u0160akniastiebis m\u0117singas, \u0161liau\u017eiantis, ilgas.<\/p>\n

Pamatiniai lapai pla\u010diai ovalus, \u0161irdi\u0161ki, stambiai dantyti, 20-40 cm plo\u010dio. Vir\u0161utin\u0117 pus\u0117 \u0161viesiai \u017ealia, apatin\u0117 \u2013 pilk\u0161va, tankiai plaukuota.<\/p>\n

Ypa\u010d dideli\u0173 pamatini\u0173 lap\u0173 ir \u017eiedyn\u0173 mil\u017einas – \u0161auk\u0161tis Petasites japonicus (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim.. Arealas apima Japonij\u0105, Kor\u0117j\u0105, Kinij\u0105, Kuril\u0173 salas bei Sachalin\u0105. Sutinkamas upi\u0173, upeli\u0173 pakrant\u0117se, palei j\u016bros krantus \u0161alia upeli\u0173 \u017eio\u010di\u0173, \u017eemutin\u0117se j\u016bros terasos daubose ir dr\u0117gnose vietose.<\/p>\n

\u0160is \u0161auk\u0161tis vienas i\u0161 gamtini\u0173 Japonijos prefekt\u016bros Akita (Chonsiu sala) simboli\u0173.<\/p>\n

Augimo prad\u017eioje \u017eiedynai-skydeliai u\u017eauga iki 40 cm, brendimo metu – i\u0161t\u012fsta iki 100 cm ir sudaro netikrus sk\u0117\u010dius. \u017diedynlapiai \u017ealsvai gelsvi, pla\u010diai kiau\u0161ini\u0161ki, pliki, nusmail\u0117jusia vir\u0161\u016bne. Dvinamis. \u017diedai\u2013grai\u017eai gelsvai \u017eali ir gelsvai balti. \u017diedynas sudarytas i\u0161 30 ir daugiau \u017eied\u0173-grai\u017e\u0173. \u017dydi baland\u017eio pabaigoje – gegu\u017e\u0117s prad\u017eioje. S\u0117klos subr\u0119sta bir\u017eelio m\u0117n. Vaisius luk\u0161tavaisis, su ilgu, baltu p\u016bkeliu skirstuku. Nukritus ant \u017eem\u0117s i\u0161 karto sudygta. Spar\u010diai plinta \u0161akniastiebiais. \u0160akniastiebis ilgas, \u0161akotas, 5-10 mm storio.<\/p>\n

Pamatiniai lapai pradeda augti gegu\u017e\u0117s m\u0117n. Lapalak\u0161\u010dio plotis 100-150 cm, lapko\u010dio ilgis 70-160 cm, gali siekti 200 cm. Vir\u0161utin\u0117 pus\u0117 tamsiai \u017ealia arba ry\u0161kiai \u017ealia, apatin\u0117 \u2013 pilk\u0161vai balta, intensyviai plaukuota. Lapai apmir\u0161ta po pirm\u0173 \u0161aln\u0173.<\/p>\n

Vaistinis augalas. \u0160io \u0161auk\u0161\u010dio preparatai turi prie\u0161alergini\u0173 ir prie\u0161u\u017edegimini\u0173 savybi\u0173. Naudojamas homeopatijoje.<\/p>\n

Japonijoje jis yra dar\u017eov\u0117-fuki ir pla\u010diai naudojamas kulinarijoje. Prie\u0161 naudojim\u0105 reikia tinkamai apdoroti. Jauni \u017eiedynai renkami anksti pavasar\u012f – verdami arba kepami svieste, lapai naudojami virti arba konservuoti. Lapai yra viena i\u0161 sudedam\u0173j\u0173 dali\u0173 gaminant su\u0161i. Sachaline maistui naudoja jaunus lapko\u010dius, atitinkamai juos apdorojus.<\/p>\n

\u0160auk\u0161\u010diai gerai auga dr\u0117gnuose priemolio ir priesm\u0117lio dirvo\u017eemyje su neutralia arba silpnai r\u016bg\u0161\u010dia reakcija. Pamatiniai lapai dideli, garina daug vandens. Kar\u0161t\u0105 dien\u0105 lapai gali apvysti, vakare nukritus kar\u0161\u010diui – atsigauna. Geriausiai auginti pusiau pav\u0117syje. Augalai spar\u010diai plinta \u0161akniastiebiais. Jie tinka tvenkini\u0173 pakrant\u0117ms ap\u017eeldinti. Baland\u012f \u2013 gegu\u017e\u0119 d\u017eiugins \u012fsp\u016bdingais \u017eiedynais, nuo bir\u017eelio m\u0117n. \u2013 mil\u017eini\u0161kais lapais.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

 Gavome skaitytojos Birut\u0117s nuotraukas, kuriose pakeles savo rausvai violetin\u0117s spalvos \u017eiedais nukloj\u0119s nematytas augalas. \u201e\u0160ilut\u0117s naujien\u0173\u201c Facebook paskyroje vakar pra\u0161\u0117me j\u016bs\u0173 pagalbos pad\u0117ti nustatyti, koks gi \u0161iuo metu taip gra\u017eiai \u017eydintis augalas – atsi\u0173stose fotografijose? Netrukus sulauk\u0117me atsakymo, kad tai – pla\u010dialapis \u0161auk\u0161tis. Pasirodo, kad tai ne tik gra\u017eiai \u017eydintis, bet ir naudingas augalas. \u0160auk\u0161\u010diai […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16581","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-gamta"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0160auk\u0161\u010diai - lap\u0173 mil\u017einai - \u0160ilut\u0117s naujienos<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.silutesnaujienos.lt\/lt\/sauksciai-lapu-milzinai\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"lt_LT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0160auk\u0161\u010diai - lap\u0173 mil\u017einai - \u0160ilut\u0117s naujienos\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\" Gavome skaitytojos Birut\u0117s nuotraukas, kuriose pakeles savo rausvai violetin\u0117s spalvos \u017eiedais nukloj\u0119s nematytas augalas. \u201e\u0160ilut\u0117s naujien\u0173\u201c Facebook paskyroje vakar pra\u0161\u0117me j\u016bs\u0173 pagalbos pad\u0117ti nustatyti, koks gi \u0161iuo metu taip gra\u017eiai \u017eydintis augalas – atsi\u0173stose fotografijose? Netrukus sulauk\u0117me atsakymo, kad tai – pla\u010dialapis \u0161auk\u0161tis. 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