{"id":17310,"date":"2020-05-29T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-05-29T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silutesnaujienos.lt\/lt\/sanitarine-misko-zeldiniu-apsauga-ir-prieziura\/"},"modified":"2020-05-29T09:00:00","modified_gmt":"2020-05-29T11:00:00","slug":"sanitarine-misko-zeldiniu-apsauga-ir-prieziura","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silutesnaujienos.lt\/lt\/sanitarine-misko-zeldiniu-apsauga-ir-prieziura\/","title":{"rendered":"Sanitarin\u0117 mi\u0161ko \u017eeldini\u0173 apsauga ir prie\u017ei\u016bra"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"65435780\"<\/a>\u0160iame straipsnyje trumpai aptarsime pagrindines vabzd\u017ei\u0173 ir mi\u0161ko lig\u0173 r\u016b\u0161is, daran\u010dias did\u017eiausius nuostolius jaunuose mi\u0161kuose, bei j\u0173 kontrol\u0117s priemones.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tai aktuali tema, nes nat\u016braliai gamtoje dideli \u017eeldini\u0173 plotai sutinkami retai. Tokie jaunuolyn\u0173 plotai (ypa\u010d vienar\u016b\u0161iai) pritraukia didel\u0119 augalus pa\u017eeid\u017eian\u010di\u0173 vabzd\u017ei\u0173 ir mi\u0161ko lig\u0173 suk\u0117l\u0117j\u0173 koncentracij\u0105 ir yra lengvai pa\u017eeid\u017eiami. D\u0117l to, norint i\u0161vengti nuostoli\u0173, veisiant ir ugdant jaun\u0105 mi\u0161k\u0105 reikia laikytis tam tikr\u0173 reikalavim\u0173, kuriuos taip pat galima rasti ir mi\u0161kininkui ir privataus mi\u0161ko savininkui privalomose laikytis \u201eMi\u0161ko sanitarin\u0117s apsaugos taisykl\u0117se\u201c (LR aplinkos ministro 2007 m. baland\u017eio 11 d. \u012fsakymas Nr. D1-204). Pamin\u0117tina, kad, pagrindini\u0173 lig\u0173 suk\u0117l\u0117j\u0173 ir augalus pa\u017eeid\u017eian\u010di\u0173 vabzd\u017ei\u0173 steb\u0117sen\u0105 ir paplitimo prognozavim\u0105 Lietuvoje atlieka Valstybin\u0117 mi\u0161k\u0173 tarnyba, kuri \u0161iuos duomenis kasmet skelbia savo interneto puslapyje. Taip pat, Valstybin\u0117 mi\u0161k\u0173 tarnyba savo puslapyje yra paskelbusi pagrindini\u0173 augal\u0173 lig\u0173 ir kenkian\u010di\u0173 vabzd\u017ei\u0173 apra\u0161us, kuriuos visiems besidomintiems rekomenduojame paskaityti. <\/p>\n

Pastarieji metai rodo, kad mi\u0161kuose vabzd\u017ei\u0173 kenk\u0117j\u0173, grybini\u0173 lig\u0173 pa\u017eeidim\u0173 daug\u0117ja. Daugiausia prie\u017ei\u016bros reikalauja naujai atkuriamas arba \u012fveisiamas mi\u0161kas. Jautriausi \u012fvairiems aplinkos veiksniams bei vabzd\u017ei\u0173 kenk\u0117j\u0173 ir lig\u0173 suk\u0117l\u0117j\u0173 pa\u017eeidimams yra mi\u0161ko \u017eeldiniai ir jaunuolynai iki 20 met\u0173 am\u017eiaus.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Turb\u016bt pavojingiausi pu\u0161\u0173 ir egli\u0173 \u017eeldiniams vabzd\u017eiai yra straubliuk\u0173 \u0161eimos vabalai: didysis pu\u0161inis, ma\u017easis pu\u0161inis ir eglinis. Did\u017eiausi\u0105 \u017eal\u0105 \u017eeldiniams pirmaisiais – antraisiais metais po \u012fveisimo daro didysis pu\u0161inis straubliukas (Hylobius abietis L.). Sodmenys labiausiai nuken\u010dia, kai priekelmin\u0117je dalyje \u0161ie vabzd\u017eiai stiebel\u012f apgrau\u017eia \u017eiedu, pasmerkdami juos \u017e\u016b\u010diai. Pa\u017eeid\u017eia ir vyresnio am\u017eiaus medeli\u0173 pumpurus, spyglius, \u017eiev\u0119, ta\u010diau vyresni augalai paprastai i\u0161gyvena. Straubliuk\u0173 i\u0161plitimo gaus\u0105 \u017eeldomuose plotuose lemia tais pa\u010diais metais nukirst\u0173 med\u017ei\u0173 kelm\u0173 tankis, nes \u0161i\u0173 vabzd\u017ei\u0173 vystymasis daugiausia vyksta kelm\u0173 \u0161aknyse, lervoms i\u0161grau\u017eiant gilius ir ilgus takus. Dien\u0105, ypa\u010d saul\u0117t\u0105, suaugusi\u0173 vabal\u0173, daran\u010di\u0173 pa\u017eeidimus, nerasime. Tai daugiau prieblandos ar naktiniai vabzd\u017eiai. Tod\u0117l, ap\u017ei\u016brint \u017eeldinius, reikia ie\u0161koti pa\u017eeidim\u0173, o ne pa\u010di\u0173 vabal\u0173. Norint apsaugoti \u017eeldinius nuo straubliuk\u0173, reik\u0117t\u0173 atlikti \u0161iuos veiksmus: bir\u017ees, jeigu n\u0117ra suvel\u0117n\u0117jimo ar grambuoli\u0173 \u012fsiveisimo pavojaus, \u017eeldinti antraisiais – tre\u010diaisiais metais po nukirtimo; pavasar\u012f (kovo\u2013baland\u017eio m\u0117n.) \u0161vie\u017eiose bir\u017e\u0117se su biraus sm\u0117lio dirvo\u017eemiu kasti 40 cm gylio duobutes \u2013 gaudykles (100 vnt.\/ha), \u012f jas \u012fdedant \u0161vie\u017eios \u017eiev\u0117s ir pastoviai pri\u017ei\u016brint nuo pavasario iki rudens, arba apie vis\u0105 \u017eeldini\u0173 plot\u0105 i\u0161kasti tokio pat gylio gaudom\u0105j\u012f griovel\u012f; prie\u0161 sodinim\u0105 medeli\u0173 \u0161aknis ir kamienus iki \u0161akeli\u0173 apvelti molio tyre; pasodint\u0173 sodmen\u0173 kamien\u0117lius i\u0161 vis\u0173 pusi\u0173 apipurk\u0161ti insekticidais. \u017deldini\u0173 kamien\u0117lius nuo straubliuk\u0173 galima apsaugoti ir tam skirta polimerine danga, va\u0161ku arba u\u017ededamais plastikiniais gaubteliais, kurie po keleri\u0173 met\u0173, atlik\u0119 savo darb\u0105, nat\u016braliai suyra.<\/p>\n

Kai mi\u0161kas sodinamas atviruose \u017eem\u0117s \u016bkio plotuose, buvusiuose dirvonuose, galime rasti \u0161akn\u0173 kenk\u0117jo \u2013 paprastojo grambuolio (Melolontha melolontha L.), o kirtaviet\u0117se, gaisraviet\u0117se \u2013 mi\u0161kinio grambuolio (Melolontha hippocastani F.) \u012fvair\u0173 \u016bgi\u0173 lerv\u0173. Grambuoliai suaug\u0117liai gausaus skraidymo metais gali padaryti \u017ealos lapuo\u010diams med\u017eiams nugrau\u017edami lapus, tuo tarpu grambuoli\u0173 lervos pa\u017eeid\u017eia augal\u0173 \u0161aknis. Labiausiai pa\u017eeid\u017eia pu\u0161\u012f, egl\u0119 ir ber\u017e\u0105. Grambuoli\u0173 populiacij\u0105 reguliuoti sunku. Norint \u017eeldinius apsaugoti nuo grambuoli\u0173, reik\u0117t\u0173 atlikti \u0161iuos veiksmus: bir\u017ees stengtis \u017eeldinti grambuoli\u0173 gausaus skraidymo metais; \u012fveisti greitai susiverian\u010dius \u017eeldinius; i\u0161tisai ir giliai \u012fdirbti dirv\u0105; prie\u0161 sodinim\u0105 sodinuk\u0173 \u0161aknis mirkyti humuso ir insekticido tyr\u0117je; saugoti grambuoliais mintan\u010dius gyv\u016bnus ir pauk\u0161\u010dius.<\/p>\n

Pu\u0161\u0173 \u017eeldiniams nuo 5 met\u0173 am\u017eiaus gali kenkti \u016bgliagrau\u017eiai, dar vadinami evetrijomis. Pa\u017eeidimus daro drugi\u0173 vik\u0161reliai. J\u0173 da\u017eniausiai aptinkama 4 r\u016b\u0161ys: vasarin\u0117, pumpurin\u0117, \u017eiemojanti, sakin\u0117. I\u0161 j\u0173 labiausiai paplitusi ir \u017ealingiausia vasarin\u0117 evetrija, ta\u010diau pastaruoju metu da\u017enai randama ir sakin\u0117s evetrijos pa\u017eeidim\u0173. Bendras \u0161i\u0173 kenk\u0117j\u0173 bruo\u017eas yra tas, kad jie pa\u017eeid\u017eia pumpurus, \u0161i\u0173metini\u0173 \u016bgli\u0173 pavir\u0161inius audinius, \u012fsigrau\u017eia \u012f \u016bglius. D\u0117l to pa\u017eeisti \u016bgliai nud\u017ei\u016bva, nulinksta, formuojasi daug vir\u0161\u016bni\u0173, medeliai pasidaro kreivi, kr\u016bmi\u0161ki. Prie\u0161 i\u0161siritant vik\u0161reliams, reikia naudoti kontaktinius, v\u0117liau sisteminius insekticidus.<\/p>\n

Nuo ma\u017edaug 10 met\u0173 am\u017eiaus pu\u0161ait\u0117ms pradeda kenkti pu\u0161in\u0117 po\u017eievin\u0117 blak\u0117 (Aradus cinnamomeus Panz.). Blak\u0117s, \u010diulpdamos pu\u0161ai\u010di\u0173 sultis, \u012f medelius suleid\u017eia savo pagamint\u0105 special\u0173 skyst\u012f, kuris formuoja \u017eaizdeles ir u\u017ekem\u0161a vandens indus. D\u0117l to medeliai deformuojasi, suma\u017e\u0117ja prieaugis, sutrump\u0117ja spygliai, j\u0173 lieka tik \u0161aku\u010di\u0173 vir\u0161\u016bn\u0117se. V\u0117liau pradeda d\u017ei\u016bti ir vir\u0161\u016bn\u0117s, medeli\u0173 augimas labai susilpn\u0117ja, tampa neatspar\u016bs kitiems parazitams, ir gali \u017e\u016bti. Apsaugos priemon\u0117s yra profilaktin\u0117s ir naikinamosios. Profilaktiniais tikslais rekomenduojama veisti tankesnius ir mi\u0161rius pu\u0161\u0173 \u017eeldinius, pietvakarin\u0117je sklypo dalyje sudaryti keli\u0173 eili\u0173 ber\u017e\u0173 juostas. Atsiradus aik\u0161teli\u0173, reikia jas pasodinti lapuo\u010diais. Reguliariai steb\u0117ti \u017eeldinius, ypating\u0105 d\u0117mes\u012f skiriant medynams, esantiems \u0161alia ankstesniais metais buvusi\u0173 \u0161io kenk\u0117jo \u017eidini\u0173. Svarbiausia priemon\u0117 – savalaikis apnikt\u0173 med\u017ei\u0173, \u0161ak\u0173 ir kirtimo atliek\u0173 pa\u0161alinimas i\u0161 mi\u0161ko arba j\u0173 susmulkinimas iki vabal\u0173 i\u0161skridimo.<\/p>\n

Jaunuose drebuli\u0173, tuop\u0173, gluosni\u0173 plantacij\u0173 \u017eeldiniuose kenkia ma\u017easis drebulinis \u016bsuotis (Saperda populnea L.) bei ma\u017easis tuopinis stiklasparnis (Paranthrene tabaniformis). \u0160ie kenk\u0117jai pa\u017eeid\u017eia jaun\u0173 medeli\u0173 liemen\u0117lius ar \u0161akas. Pa\u017eeidimo vietose susidaro iki 2,5 cm i\u0161sip\u016btimai, d\u0117l to liemen\u0117liai ir \u0161akos kreiv\u0117ja, nud\u017ei\u016bva. Apsaugos priemon\u0117s \u016bkin\u0117s \u2013 i\u0161kirsti ir sunaikinti u\u017epultus medelius. Vyresnio am\u017eiaus apkr\u0117stus medelius galima gen\u0117ti. Med\u017eius apdoroti insekticidais
Mi\u0161k\u0173 produktyvumui taip pat didel\u0117s \u012ftakos turi plintan\u010dios neinfekcin\u0117s ir infekcin\u0117s ligos. Daugiausia \u017ealos padaro \u012fvairi\u0173 parazitini\u0173 gryb\u0173 sukeltos ligos.<\/p>\n

Tiek Lietuvoje, tiek pasaulyje daugiausiai nuostoli\u0173 mi\u0161kuose padaranti liga yra \u0161aknin\u0117 pintis (Heterobasidion sp.), sukelianti \u0161akn\u0173 ir apatin\u0117s kamieno dalies medienos puvin\u012f. Efektyvi\u0173 kovos priemoni\u0173 prie\u0161 \u0161ios ligos \u017eidinius n\u0117ra, ta\u010diau galima kontroliuoti jos plitim\u0105 kirtimus vykdant \u0161altuoju met\u0173 laiku ir tam skirtais preparatais apdorojant k\u0105 tik nupjaut\u0173 med\u017ei\u0173 kelmus. Lapuo\u010di\u0173 med\u017ei\u0173 r\u016b\u0161ys \u0161akninei pin\u010diai yra \u017eenkliai atsparesn\u0117s, nei spygliuo\u010di\u0173, tod\u0117l \u0161ios ligos \u017eidiniuose b\u016btina mi\u0161k\u0105 sodinti lapuo\u010di\u0173 med\u017ei\u0173 r\u016b\u0161imis. <\/p>\n

I\u0161 lap\u0173 lig\u0173 \u017ealingiausia yra \u0105\u017euol\u0173 lap\u0173 miltlig\u0117, kurios suk\u0117l\u0117jas \u2013 \u0105\u017euolinis pelenis (Microsphaera alphitoides Griff. Et Maubl.). Susirgus miltlige, lap\u0173 pavir\u0161ius tampa baltai d\u0117m\u0117tas ir jie atrodo lyg apibarstyti miltais. Nuo ligos ypa\u010d nuken\u010dia 1\u20133 met\u0173 s\u0117jinukai bei sodinukai. Esant grybo vystymuisi palankioms klimato (didel\u0117 santykin\u0117 oro dr\u0117gm\u0117) s\u0105lygoms, pa\u017eeid\u017eia ir \u016bglius, jie nesp\u0117ja sumed\u0117ti ir \u017eiem\u0105 nu\u0161\u0105la. \u0104\u017euoliukai tampa keru\u017eiais. Mi\u0161ko \u017eeldiniuose \u0105\u017euoliukus rekomenduojama 4\u20135 kartus purk\u0161ti sieros grup\u0117s fungicidais arba panaudojant biologin\u012f preparat\u0105 – miltliges parazituojant\u012f gryb\u0105 Ampelomyces quisqualis.<\/p>\n

Pavojingiausia pu\u0161\u0173 spygli\u0173 liga yra paprastoji pu\u0161\u0173 spygliakrit\u0117, priklausanti Lophodermium genties grybams. Ligos pa\u017eeisti spygliai paruduoja, nud\u017ei\u016bva ir per anksti nukrinta. Ligoti augalai nusilpsta, suma\u017e\u0117ja j\u0173 prieaugis, o s\u0117jinukai da\u017enai net \u017e\u016bva. \u0160i liga pu\u0161\u0173 \u017eeldiniuose aptinkama beveik kasmet. Norint i\u0161vengti spygliakri\u010dio \u017eidini\u0173 \u017eeldiniuose, reikia ma\u017einti tarp augal\u0173 esan\u010dio oro santykin\u012f dr\u0117gnum\u0105, kuris esminis faktorius, reikalingas ligos plitimui, t.y. neauginti pu\u0161ai\u010di\u0173 \u017eemesn\u0117se ir \u0161lapesn\u0117se vietose, nesodinti pernelyg tankiai, kontroliuoti \u017eolin\u0117s dangos auk\u0161t\u012f. \u0160ios priemon\u0117s ma\u017eina rasos ir krituli\u0173 dr\u0117gm\u0117s bei sniego u\u017esilaikym\u0105 ant spygli\u0173. Ligos profilaktikai medelynuose svarbiausia sodmenis kokybi\u0161kai apdoroti fungicidais. Kuo \u0161iltesnis ir ilgesnis ruduo, tuo ilgiau turi b\u016bti t\u0119siami v\u0117lyvieji pur\u0161kimai.<\/p>\n

Kita paplitusi liga, pa\u017eeid\u017eianti 1\u201310 met\u0173 am\u017eiaus pu\u0161aites, yra pu\u0161\u0173 \u016bgliasukis. Lig\u0105 sukelia r\u016bdinis grybas Melampsora pinitorqua Rostr. Pirmieji ligos po\u017eymiai pasirodo gegu\u017e\u0117s m\u0117nes\u012f. Ant pu\u0161ai\u010di\u0173 \u016bgli\u0173 atsiranda oran\u017eini\u0173 p\u016bsleli\u0173, kuriose susikaupia sporos. Joms i\u0161byr\u0117jus susidaro nedidel\u0117s \u017eaizdel\u0117s. Jeigu \u016bglis nenud\u017ei\u016bva, nulinksta \u017eemyn, o v\u0117liau augdamas i\u0161sikreipia, da\u017enai sudarydamas S raid\u0117s pavidalo \u016bgl\u012f. Pa\u017eeidim\u0173 randama pu\u0161\u0173 \u017eeldiniuose, kuriuose yra drebuli\u0173 at\u017eal\u0173, nes drebuli\u0173 lapai \u2013 pagrindinis infekcijos \u0161altinis. Norint apsaugoti \u017eeldinius nuo ligos, pirmiausia reikia naikinti drebuli\u0173 at\u017ealas bent 50 m atstumu nuo \u017eeldini\u0173 ir pa\u010diuose \u017eeldiniuose. Ten, kur drebuli\u0173 at\u017ealos nesunaikintos, jaunus pu\u0161ai\u010di\u0173 \u017eeldinius galima apsaugoti apipur\u0161kiant fungicidais.\"APLINKOS-MIN-270x275px\"<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0160iame straipsnyje trumpai aptarsime pagrindines vabzd\u017ei\u0173 ir mi\u0161ko lig\u0173 r\u016b\u0161is, daran\u010dias did\u017eiausius nuostolius jaunuose mi\u0161kuose, bei j\u0173 kontrol\u0117s priemones. Tai aktuali tema, nes nat\u016braliai gamtoje dideli \u017eeldini\u0173 plotai sutinkami retai. Tokie jaunuolyn\u0173 plotai (ypa\u010d vienar\u016b\u0161iai) pritraukia didel\u0119 augalus pa\u017eeid\u017eian\u010di\u0173 vabzd\u017ei\u0173 ir mi\u0161ko lig\u0173 suk\u0117l\u0117j\u0173 koncentracij\u0105 ir yra lengvai pa\u017eeid\u017eiami. D\u0117l to, norint i\u0161vengti nuostoli\u0173, veisiant […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17310","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-gamta"],"yoast_head":"\nSanitarin\u0117 mi\u0161ko \u017eeldini\u0173 apsauga ir prie\u017ei\u016bra - \u0160ilut\u0117s naujienos<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.silutesnaujienos.lt\/lt\/sanitarine-misko-zeldiniu-apsauga-ir-prieziura\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"lt_LT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sanitarin\u0117 mi\u0161ko \u017eeldini\u0173 apsauga ir prie\u017ei\u016bra - \u0160ilut\u0117s naujienos\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0160iame straipsnyje trumpai aptarsime pagrindines vabzd\u017ei\u0173 ir mi\u0161ko lig\u0173 r\u016b\u0161is, daran\u010dias did\u017eiausius nuostolius jaunuose mi\u0161kuose, bei j\u0173 kontrol\u0117s priemones. Tai aktuali tema, nes nat\u016braliai gamtoje dideli \u017eeldini\u0173 plotai sutinkami retai. Tokie jaunuolyn\u0173 plotai (ypa\u010d vienar\u016b\u0161iai) pritraukia didel\u0119 augalus pa\u017eeid\u017eian\u010di\u0173 vabzd\u017ei\u0173 ir mi\u0161ko lig\u0173 suk\u0117l\u0117j\u0173 koncentracij\u0105 ir yra lengvai pa\u017eeid\u017eiami. 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