{"id":2165,"date":"2015-12-10T18:00:00","date_gmt":"2015-12-10T20:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silutesnaujienos.lt\/lt\/is-kur-atkeliauja-kaledu-senelis\/"},"modified":"2015-12-10T18:00:00","modified_gmt":"2015-12-10T20:00:00","slug":"is-kur-atkeliauja-kaledu-senelis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silutesnaujienos.lt\/lt\/is-kur-atkeliauja-kaledu-senelis\/","title":{"rendered":"I\u0161 kur atkeliauja Kal\u0117d\u0173 Senelis?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Profesorius<\/a>K\u016b\u010dios ir \u0161v. Kal\u0117dos \u2013 gra\u017eiausios \u017eiemos \u0161vent\u0117s ir dideliam, ir ma\u017eam. Tai nauj\u0173 vil\u010di\u0173, ateities sieki\u0173 ir svajoni\u0173 i\u0161sakymo metas. \u0160iuo laikotarpiu vaikus lanko Kal\u0117d\u0173 Senelis, su kuriuo susitinkama \u0161ventini\u0173 rengini\u0173 metu. Kal\u0117d\u0173 Senelis, \u012fsmuk\u0119s \u017eidinio kaminu vidun, ma\u017euosius aplanko nakt\u012f miegan\u010dius, sudeda dovan\u0117les po eglute ar \u012f kojines, pakabintas prie loveli\u0173. Jis, \u012f roges pasikink\u0119s devyniaragi\u0173 elni\u0173, atskrieja i\u0161 tolimosios \u0161al\u010dio \u0161alies Laplandijos.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Etnologo ir Lietuvos edukologijos universiteto (LEU) profesoriaus Liberto Klimkos paklaus\u0117me, kaip gi Kal\u0117d\u0173 Senelis apsigyveno tolimoje \u0161iaur\u0117je ir kod\u0117l reikia papuo\u0161ti eglut\u0119 jo belaukiant?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pasak L. Klimkos, senov\u0117s rom\u0117nai savo kalendoriaus pirm\u0105j\u012f m\u0117nes\u012f buvo paskyr\u0119 Janui, dviveid\u017eio laiko dievai\u010dio garbei. Pirm\u0105sias \u0161io m\u0117nesio, vadinamo Januarijumi, dienas vadino kalendomis. \u201eTai b\u016bta reik\u0161mingo laiko tarpsnio visuomen\u0117s gyvenime, nes b\u016bdavo renkami svarb\u016bs valstyb\u0117s pareig\u016bnai \u2013 konsulai. Kaip paskatinim\u0105 prie\u0161 rinkimus gerai pagalvoti ir teisingai apsispr\u0119sti namuose pamerkdavo nulau\u017et\u0105 lauro \u0161akel\u0119. \u0160tai \u010dia turb\u016bt ir slypi Kal\u0117d\u0173 eglut\u0117s tradicijos u\u017euomazga. Beje, ir skolas reik\u0117dav\u0119 pirmosiomis  kalend\u0173 dienomis gr\u0105\u017einti, kad s\u0105\u017ein\u0117 per rinkimus b\u016bt\u0173 rami. Tod\u0117l viena pirmini\u0173 \u017eod\u017eio \u201ekalendorius\u201c reik\u0161mi\u0173 ir yra \u201eskol\u0173 knygel\u0117\u201c. M\u016bs\u0173 kra\u0161te irgi manoma, kad skol\u0173 privalu atsikratyti iki did\u017ei\u0173j\u0173 \u017eiemos \u0161ven\u010di\u0173, per advent\u0105\u201c, \u2013 pasakoja profesorius.<\/p>\n

Viduram\u017eiais gyvavo tradicija ba\u017eny\u010diose rengti misterijas \u2013 vaidinimus, iliustruojan\u010dius \u0160ventajame Ra\u0161te apra\u0161ytus \u012fvykius, pradedant nuo Adomo ir Ievos, kai prie rojaus med\u017eio jie buvo \u017eal\u010dio gundomi paragauti u\u017eginto pa\u017einimo vaisiaus. \u201eT\u0105 med\u012f vaidinimui darydavo i\u0161 egli\u0161aki\u0173, nes kas gi dar \u017ealiuoja \u017eiem\u0105. \u0160tai tod\u0117l kaime eglut\u0117s iki \u0161iol puo\u0161iamos raudonskruos\u010diais obuoliukais\u201c, \u2013 paai\u0161kina etnologas.<\/p>\n

Pasak L. Klimkos, Anglijos princas Albertas 1840 metais savo \u017emonai karalienei Viktorijai paruo\u0161\u0117 staigmen\u0105 \u2013 r\u016bmuose buvo papuo\u0161ta \u017ealiaskar\u0117, kvepianti \u017eiemos mi\u0161ku. Princas buvo gim\u0119s Vokietijoje, tod\u0117l turb\u016bt \u017einojo Senojo \u017eemyno taut\u0173 tradicijas. \u201ePer didik\u0173 r\u016bmus, dvarus kal\u0117din\u0117 eglut\u0117 atkeliavo ir \u012f m\u016bs\u0173 kra\u0161t\u0105. Lietuvi\u0161kuose ra\u0161tuose kal\u0117din\u0117 eglut\u0117 pirm\u0105 kart\u0105 pamin\u0117ta 1853 metais. J\u0105 jaunyst\u0117je mat\u0119s b\u016bsimasis poetas ir vyskupas Antanas Baranauskas caro valdininko-vachmistro namuose Vainute. Pirm\u0105sias eglutes su \u017eaidimais ir dovan\u0117l\u0117mis imta rengti rusi\u0161kose mokyklose XIX a. pabaigoje. Taip nor\u0117ta lietuvi\u0173 vaikus atitraukti nuo slapt\u0173j\u0173 daraktorini\u0173 mokykl\u0117li\u0173. Tod\u0117l to meto Lietuvos \u0161viesuomen\u0117 prie\u0161i\u0161kai sutiko tokius vakar\u0117lius, ai\u0161kindama, kad tai n\u0117ra lietuvi\u0161ka tradicija\u201c, \u2013 sako profesorius.<\/p>\n

I pasaulinio karo metu eglut\u0119 puo\u0161davo vokie\u010di\u0173 kariai, i\u0161siilg\u0119 gimt\u0173j\u0173 nam\u0173. Prie jos pakviesdavo ir m\u016bs\u0173 kaimo vaikus. Tarpukariu \u0160vietimo ministerija ragino eglutes rengti mokyklose. Netrukus ji vaikus d\u017eiugino ir namuose, kaimo pirkiose. Pirmosios kal\u0117din\u0117s dovan\u0117l\u0117s buvo saldainiukai nuo eglut\u0117s \u0161akeli\u0173. Nurinkti juos buvo leid\u017eiama per Tris Karalius, ta\u010diau iki tos dienos i\u0161 saldaini\u0173 b\u016bdavo belik\u0119 tik spalvoti popier\u0117liai\u2026<\/p>\n

Etnologas pasakoja, kad III\u2013IV am\u017ei\u0173 sand\u016broje dabartin\u0117s Turkijos teritorijoje, Demr\u0117 miestelio apylink\u0117se, gyveno vyskupas Mikalojus Myrietis, v\u0117liau paskelbtas \u0161ventuoju. Jis gars\u0117jo savo labdaros darbais, kuriuos stengdavosi atlikti taip, kad niekas nesu\u017einot\u0173 geradario vardo. Vien\u0105 varging\u0105 na\u0161l\u0117s \u0161eim\u0105 jis su\u0161elp\u0117 slap\u010diomis \u012fmet\u0119s aukso gabal\u0117l\u012f \u012f vaiko kojin\u0119, pad\u017eiaut\u0105 prie ugniakuro. I\u0161 \u0161ventojo legendos atsirado paprotys prie\u0161 \u0161v. Kal\u0117das, persirengus raudonais vyskupo drabu\u017eiais ir pasi\u0117mus ganytoji\u0161k\u0105 lazd\u0105, aplankyti pa\u010dias vargingiausias \u0161eimas, nune\u0161ti j\u0173 vaikams skanesnio maisto, drabu\u017e\u0117li\u0173, kad \u0161vent\u0117 b\u016bt\u0173 d\u017eiaugsminga ir likimo nuskriaustiems.<\/p>\n

Ba\u017enytin\u0117se misterijose \u0161v. Mikalojaus persona\u017eas \u012fgavo linksmumo. J\u012f lyd\u0117davo riteris Ruprechtas \u2013 tvirtas barzdo\u010dius, r\u016bs\u010dios i\u0161vaizdos, apsireng\u0119s odiniais drabu\u017eiais. To riterio pareiga \u2013 pabarti padau\u017eas ir i\u0161dyk\u0117lius, nubausti neklusnius, nemokan\u010dius poteri\u0173. Ilgainiui abu persona\u017eai sutapo. I\u0161 riterio Kal\u0117d\u0173 Senelis paveld\u0117jo pla\u010diausi\u0105 odin\u012f dir\u017e\u0105 ir plev\u0117suojan\u010di\u0105 barzd\u0105. Olandijos vaikai j\u012f pavadino Santa Klausu (trumpinys i\u0161 lotyni\u0161kojo vardo Nikolajus). Jie laukdavo \u0161ventojo atkeliaujant Kal\u0117d\u0173 vidurnakt\u012f baltu \u017eirgu. \u012e savo kurpaites, sustatytas ties lova, \u017eirgui \u012fd\u0117davo mork\u0173, \u0161ieno\u2026 Bet sumigdavo belaukdami. I\u0161 ryto kurpait\u0117se ar kojin\u0117se rasdavo atlyg\u012f \u2013 dovan\u0117li\u0173.<\/p>\n

L. Klimka pasakoja, kad Santa Klauso vard\u0105 pasaulyje i\u0161garsino linksm\u0173 plau\u010di\u0173 amerikietis, diplomatas ir ra\u0161ytojas Va\u0161ingtonas Irvingas. Dirbdamas ir gyvendamas Europoje, jis dom\u0117josi \u012fvairi\u0173 taut\u0173 papro\u010diais ir tradicijomis. 1809 metais V. Irvingas i\u0161leido smagi\u0173 pasiskaitym\u0173 knyg\u0105 \u201eTikroji Niujorko istorija nuo pasaulio sutv\u0117rimo iki oland\u0173 dinastijos pabaigos, papasakota t\u0117vo Knikerbokerio\u201c. \u010cia \u0161maik\u0161\u010diai parodijuojamas mokslinis istoriografijos stilius. O knikerbokeriais b\u016bdavo pravard\u017eiuojami oland\u0173 kilm\u0117s niujorkie\u010diai. \u0160ioje knygoje tradiciniai papro\u010diai gerokai autorizuoti, prid\u0117ta ir savos i\u0161mon\u0117s. Pasak V. Irvingo, Santa Klausas pas vaikus atvykst\u0105s pasikink\u0119s elni\u0105 ir \u017eidinio kaminu kaip koks \u0161amanas nusileid\u017ei\u0105s \u012f miegam\u0105j\u012f ir ten paliek\u0105s vaikams dovan\u0117li\u0173. Kitas amerikietis, poetas Klementas M\u016bras, 1822 metais jau eil\u0117mis apra\u0161\u0117 Kal\u0117d\u0173 Senelio kelion\u0119. \u012e roges jis \u012fkink\u0105s net a\u0161tuonis elnius. \u012edom\u016bs j\u0173 vardai: Ver\u017elusis, Greitasis, \u017dvaig\u017edikis, V\u0117tra, Ragana, R\u016bstis, \u017daibas ir Griaustinis. \u201e\u0160tai taip paai\u0161k\u0117jo, kad Kal\u0117d\u0173 Senelis, arba Santa Klausas, gyvena \u0161iaur\u0117je, o ne Ispanijoje, kaip man\u0117 oland\u0173 vaikai. Be abejo, ir tod\u0117l, kad XIX a. antroje pus\u0117je dienra\u0161\u010diai mirg\u0117jo nuo prane\u0161im\u0173 apie \u0161iaur\u0117s keliones, Arkties tyrin\u0117jimus, bandymus pasiekti \u017dem\u0117s a\u0161igalius. Teko vaik\u0173 stebukladariui vyskupo mitr\u0105 pakeisti slidininko kepur\u0117le (toki\u0105 ne\u0161iodavo samiai Laplandijoje). Markas Tvenas Sant\u0105 Klaus\u0105 apgyvendino dar \u0161altesn\u0117je vietoje \u2013 M\u0117nulyje, nes jo elniai yra stebuklingi, tod\u0117l gali skrieti ir erdve\u201c, \u2013 pasakoja etnologas ir LEU profesorius L. Klimka.<\/p>\n

1902 metais Frenkas Baumas para\u0161\u0117 vaik\u0173 numyl\u0117tinio biografij\u0105. Ten nurodytas toks jo adresas: Ozo \u0161alis, mi\u0161kas Gugu, juoko sl\u0117nis Chocho. \u0160iaur\u0117s pa\u0161vaist\u0117 Kal\u0117d\u0173 Senelio keli\u0105 nutviesk\u0117 Volto Disn\u0117jaus filmuke, sukurtame 1931 metais.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

K\u016b\u010dios ir \u0161v. Kal\u0117dos \u2013 gra\u017eiausios \u017eiemos \u0161vent\u0117s ir dideliam, ir ma\u017eam. Tai nauj\u0173 vil\u010di\u0173, ateities sieki\u0173 ir svajoni\u0173 i\u0161sakymo metas. \u0160iuo laikotarpiu vaikus lanko Kal\u0117d\u0173 Senelis, su kuriuo susitinkama \u0161ventini\u0173 rengini\u0173 metu. Kal\u0117d\u0173 Senelis, \u012fsmuk\u0119s \u017eidinio kaminu vidun, ma\u017euosius aplanko nakt\u012f miegan\u010dius, sudeda dovan\u0117les po eglute ar \u012f kojines, pakabintas prie loveli\u0173. Jis, \u012f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[52],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2165","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-gyvenimas"],"yoast_head":"\nI\u0161 kur atkeliauja Kal\u0117d\u0173 Senelis? - \u0160ilut\u0117s naujienos<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.silutesnaujienos.lt\/lt\/is-kur-atkeliauja-kaledu-senelis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"lt_LT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"I\u0161 kur atkeliauja Kal\u0117d\u0173 Senelis? - \u0160ilut\u0117s naujienos\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"K\u016b\u010dios ir \u0161v. Kal\u0117dos \u2013 gra\u017eiausios \u017eiemos \u0161vent\u0117s ir dideliam, ir ma\u017eam. Tai nauj\u0173 vil\u010di\u0173, ateities sieki\u0173 ir svajoni\u0173 i\u0161sakymo metas. \u0160iuo laikotarpiu vaikus lanko Kal\u0117d\u0173 Senelis, su kuriuo susitinkama \u0161ventini\u0173 rengini\u0173 metu. Kal\u0117d\u0173 Senelis, \u012fsmuk\u0119s \u017eidinio kaminu vidun, ma\u017euosius aplanko nakt\u012f miegan\u010dius, sudeda dovan\u0117les po eglute ar \u012f kojines, pakabintas prie loveli\u0173. 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