{"id":4669,"date":"2013-10-03T17:00:00","date_gmt":"2013-10-03T19:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silutesnaujienos.lt\/lt\/ka-turetume-zinoti-apie-alzheimerio-liga\/"},"modified":"2013-10-03T17:00:00","modified_gmt":"2013-10-03T19:00:00","slug":"ka-turetume-zinoti-apie-alzheimerio-liga","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silutesnaujienos.lt\/lt\/ka-turetume-zinoti-apie-alzheimerio-liga\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u0105 tur\u0117tume \u017einoti apie Alzheimerio lig\u0105?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"MAS-Home-Care2\"<\/a>Daugelis vyresnio am\u017eiaus \u017emoni\u0173 pastebi, kad ilgainiui ima silpn\u0117ti atmintis. Nors, medik\u0173 teigimu, u\u017emar\u0161umas – nat\u016bralus procesas, bet ne tada, kai pamir\u0161tame planuotus susitikimus, datas, vardus, nerandame daikt\u0173, sutrinka d\u0117mesys, atsiranda irzlumas ir apatija. Tai gali b\u016bti progresuojan\u010dios Alzheimerio ligos simptomai.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kada ir kam reik\u0117t\u0173 susir\u016bpinti d\u0117l u\u017emar\u0161umo?<\/strong><\/p>\n

AL vargina daugiau nei 30 mln. \u017emoni\u0173<\/strong><\/p>\n

Alzheimerio liga (toliau – AL) – tai l\u0117tin\u0117 progresuojanti, da\u017eniausiai senyvo am\u017eiaus \u017emoni\u0173 galvos smegen\u0173 liga, kurios metu plon\u0117ja nerv\u0173 skaidulos, nyksta j\u0173 jungtys ir pa\u010dios nervin\u0117s l\u0105stel\u0117s (vyksta neurodegeneracija), galvos smegenyse kaupiasi specifiniai baltymai (amiloidas, proteinas Tau), sutrinka biocheminiai informacijos perdavimo procesai.<\/p>\n

\u0160i\u0105 lig\u0105 pirmasis 1907 m. apra\u0161\u0117 vokie\u010di\u0173 gydytojas Aloizas Alzheimeris (Alois Alzheimer). Rugs\u0117jo pabaigoje buvo minima Tarptautin\u0117 Alzheimerio ligos diena.<\/p>\n

Pasaulyje \u0161ia liga serga daugiau nei 30 mln. \u017emoni\u0173. AL da\u017eniausiai susergama sulaukus 65-70 met\u0173 am\u017eiaus, ta\u010diau kartais ji pasirei\u0161kia ir anks\u010diau. Liga kei\u010dia \u017emogaus atmint\u012f, m\u0105stym\u0105, elges\u012f ir emocijas.<\/p>\n

Skiriami du AL tipai:<\/strong><\/p>\n

* ankstyvoji AL, pasirei\u0161kianti iki 65 met\u0173 (retesn\u0117, grei\u010diau progresuoja, labiau nuken\u010dia auk\u0161tesniosios smegen\u0173 \u017eiev\u0117s funkcijos – kalba, praktin\u0117s veiklos \u012fg\u016bd\u017eiai);<\/p>\n

* v\u0117lyvoji AL, pasirei\u0161kianti po 65 met\u0173 (da\u017eniausia forma).<\/p>\n

Kartais b\u016bna sunku nustatyti AL tik d\u0117l to, kad sergantieji \u0161ia liga retai kreipiasi \u012f gydytojus d\u0117l silpn\u0117jan\u010dios atminties. T\u0105 da\u017eniausia gali pasteb\u0117ti artimieji.<\/p>\n

Simptomai ir po\u017eymiai<\/strong><\/p>\n

Da\u017eniausiai pasirei\u0161kia \u0161ie AL simptomai ir po\u017eymiai:<\/strong><\/p>\n

* progresuojantis u\u017emar\u0161umas. Ligos prad\u017eiai b\u016bdingi u\u017emar\u0161umo epizodai. Pamir\u0161tami neseni \u012fvykiai, paprasti nurodymai. U\u017emar\u0161umas ilgainiui progresuoja. Ligoniai gali kartoti veiksmus, pamir\u0161ti pokalbius, susitikimus. I\u0161 prad\u017ei\u0173 seniai \u012fsisavinta informacija dar prisimenama. V\u0117liau nebegebama atsiminti ir \u0161ios informacijos, pamir\u0161tami vaik\u0173 vardai, kiek j\u0173 yra, prarandami buitiniai \u012fg\u016bd\u017eiai. Ligai \u012fsisen\u0117jus ligoniai pamir\u0161ta, kad reikia pavalgyti, neatpa\u017e\u012fsta sav\u0119s veidrodyje ir kt. Paskutin\u0117se ligos stadijose ligonis visi\u0161kai netenka ry\u0161io su aplinka, \u012f j\u0105 nebereaguoja;<\/p>\n

* kalbos sutrikimai. I\u0161 prad\u017ei\u0173 darosi sunku rasti tinkam\u0105 \u017eod\u012f spontanin\u0117s kalbos metu. Ligoni\u0173 kalba neretai tampa neai\u0161ki, padaug\u0117ja automatini\u0173 frazi\u0173. V\u0117lesn\u0117se ligos stadijose sutrinka kalbos suvokimas;<\/p>\n

* dezorientacija. Sutrinka ligoni\u0173 orientacija laike ir vietoje. Ligoniai gali pasiklysti net gerai \u017einomoje aplinkoje;<\/p>\n

* sunkumai atliekant \u012fprastines u\u017eduotis. Tokia kasdien\u0117 veikla kaip valgio gaminimas, reikalaujanti tam tikros veiksm\u0173 sekos, tampa labai sunki, o v\u0117liau ir ne\u012fmanoma;<\/p>\n

* asmenyb\u0117s poky\u010diai. Sergantieji AL gali b\u016bti nepastovios nuotaikos. Jie gali reik\u0161ti nepasitik\u0117jim\u0105 kitais, b\u016bti u\u017esispyr\u0119, vengti bendravimo. I\u0161 prad\u017ei\u0173 tai gali lemti nerimas, kur\u012f jie jau\u010dia pasteb\u0117j\u0119 nekontroliuojamus atminties poky\u010dius. Neretai AL lydi depresija, paranoja. Ligai progresuojant ligoniai gali tapti nerimastingi, agresyv\u016bs, gali netinkamai elgtis.<\/p>\n

Visa tai labai traumuoja ne tik ligon\u012f, bet ir jo \u0161eimos narius. Artimieji i\u0161 prad\u017ei\u0173 tik stebi laipsni\u0161kus sergan\u010diojo asmenyb\u0117s poky\u010dius, ta\u010diau ateina laikas, kai simptomai pasidaro ry\u0161k\u016bs ir priver\u010dia artimuosius ar sergant\u012fj\u012f kreiptis \u012f medikus.<\/p>\n

Diagnostika<\/strong><\/p>\n

Susirgusieji AL asmenys patys paprastai nesikreipia \u012f gydytoj\u0105. Lig\u0105 pastebi artimieji ar \u0161eimos gydytojai.<\/p>\n

\u012etar\u0119s AL, gydytojas:<\/strong><\/p>\n

apklausia pacient\u0105, jo \u0161eimos narius (tai ypa\u010d svarbu);<\/p>\n

skiria medicininius tyrimus;<\/p>\n

skiria \u012fvairaus sud\u0117tingumo u\u017eduotis, kuriomis \u012fvertina  pa\u017eintin\u0117s funkcijos sutrikim\u0105 ir jo laipsn\u012f;<\/p>\n

esant emocij\u0173 sutrikimui, susijaudinimui, b\u016btinai skiria psichiatro konsultacij\u0105;<\/p>\n

skiria laboratorinius tyrimus, padedan\u010dius paneigti kitas ligas ir patvirtinti \u0161ios ligos diagnoz\u0119;<\/p>\n

skiria galvos smegen\u0173 vaizdo tyrimus (kompiuterin\u0119 tomografij\u0105 ir magnetinio rezonanso tyrim\u0105), kuriuo nustatoma smegen\u0173 atrofija, b\u016bdinga AL, bei paneigiamos kitos galimos smegen\u0173 ligos, galin\u010dios sukelti pana\u0161ius ligos simptomus (smegen\u0173 augliai, kraujotakos sutrikimai).
\"HallowsofHumanity\"<\/a>
Rizikos veiksniai<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nors daugumos AL atvej\u0173 pirmin\u0117 prie\u017eastis ne\u017einoma, ta\u010diau \u0161ios ligos rizikos veiksniams priskiriama:<\/strong><\/p>\n

* am\u017eius – AL paprastai pasirei\u0161kia vyresniems nei 65 met\u0173 asmenims, vyresniems nei 85 met\u0173 asmenims AL da\u017enis gali siekti net iki 50 proc.;<\/p>\n

* paveldimumas – ankstyvoji (prasidedanti iki 60-65 met\u0173) AL da\u017eniausiai yra paveldima;<\/p>\n

* ry\u0161ys su Dauno (Down) sindromu;<\/p>\n

* estrogen\u0173 kiekio suma\u017e\u0117jimas moterims po menopauz\u0117s;<\/p>\n

* gyvenime buv\u0119s ar esamas apsinuodijimas aliuminiu;<\/p>\n

* galvos smegen\u0173 trauma;<\/p>\n

* silpna \u0161irdies ir kraujagysli\u0173 sistema, diabetas, hipertenzija, auk\u0161tas cholesterolio kiekis;<\/p>\n

* netinkamas gyvenimo b\u016bdas, menkas i\u0161silavinimas, bloga socialin\u0117 ir ekonomin\u0117 pad\u0117tis;<\/p>\n

* r\u016bkymas.<\/p>\n

AL gydymas<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kol kas n\u0117ra veiksming\u0173 medikamentini\u0173 priemoni\u0173, galin\u010di\u0173 apsaugoti nuo AL ar i\u0161gydyti \u0161i\u0105 lig\u0105. Kai kuriuos simptomus lengvinantys vaistai yra vienintel\u0117 pagalbos priemon\u0117. Jie nei\u0161gydo, ta\u010diau gali \u0161iek tiek sul\u0117tinti ligos progres\u0105, palengvinti simptomus ir po\u017eymius.<\/p>\n

Kartais gydytojas skiria vaist\u0173, padedan\u010di\u0173 su\u0161velninti nerim\u0105, depresij\u0105, nemig\u0105, neretai lydin\u010dius AL.<\/p>\n

Patarimai AL sergan\u010di\u0173 ligoni\u0173 slaugytojams<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u016bkite kantr\u016bs, supratingi, d\u0117mesingi.<\/p>\n

Duokite ligoniui gerti kuo daugiau skys\u010di\u0173.<\/p>\n

Nepamir\u0161kite sav\u0119s! R\u016bpinkit\u0117s ir savimi, tausokite savo nervus ir psichin\u0119 pusiausvyr\u0105.<\/p>\n

Neskub\u0117kite pildyti ir daryti visko, ko ligonis \u012fsigeid\u017eia, bet nesigin\u010dykite.<\/p>\n

Jei ligoniui sunkiau atsiminti \u017eod\u017eiu sakomas u\u017eduotis ar pra\u0161ymus, ra\u0161ykite ra\u0161telius. Sakiniai turi b\u016bti trumpi, ai\u0161k\u016bs, konkret\u016bs.<\/p>\n

Kalb\u0117kite trumpais sakiniais. Neu\u017eduokite i\u0161 karto daug u\u017eduo\u010di\u0173.<\/p>\n

Leiskite \u017emogui dirbti \u012fprastus darbus. Nekeiskite daikt\u0173 vietos. Neatimkite jo m\u0117gstam\u0173 u\u017esi\u0117mim\u0173. \u017dinoma, turite pri\u017ei\u016br\u0117ti, ar nedaro ko nors netinkamo.<\/p>\n

Kiekvienas \u017emogus turi m\u0117gstamus drabu\u017eius ar daiktus. Jei jie susid\u0117v\u0117jo, pakeiskite juos kaip nors gudraudamas.
Ligonis gali labai pam\u0117gti cukr\u0173. Tiesiog j\u012f pasl\u0117pkite, kad neb\u016bt\u0173 matomas, lengvai prieinamas, bet \u012f arbat\u0105 ar kav\u0105 \u012fd\u0117kite daugiau nei \u012fprasta.<\/p>\n

Jei j\u016bs\u0173 pri\u017ei\u016brimas \u017emogus m\u0117gsta i\u0161eiti vienas, nieko baisaus, jei tame name ir vietov\u0117je gyvenate seniai. Tik b\u016btinai \u012fd\u0117kite \u012f ki\u0161en\u0119 ra\u0161tel\u012f su jo vardu, u\u017era\u0161ykite vien\u0105 ar kelis telefono numerius. Jeigu ligoniui tai – nauja vieta, \u017emogus gali pasiklysti. B\u016bkite budr\u016bs!<\/p>\n

Profilaktika<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kad ir kaip gaila, kol kas n\u0117ra \u017einomi jokie efektyv\u016bs \u0161ios ligos prevencijos b\u016bdai. J\u0173 paie\u0161k\u0105 sunkina tai, kad patologiniai procesai smegenyse prasideda prie\u0161 kelis de\u0161imtme\u010dius iki atsiranda klinikini\u0173 simptom\u0173 ir dar n\u0117ra \u017einomas pirmasis veiksnys, skatinantis \u0161ios ligos vystym\u0105si.<\/p>\n

AL pasirei\u0161kia, kai pasiekiamas tam tikras pa\u017eeidim\u0173 slenkstis, o per\u017eengti j\u012f padeda kraujotakos bei endokrinin\u0117s ligos. Ligos simptomams pasirei\u0161kus gana ry\u0161kiai, jos sustabdyti nebe\u012fmanoma. Ta\u010diau \u0161altiniai apra\u0161o \u012fvairias bandomas profilaktikos priemones.<\/p>\n

Taigi, jeigu apie AL prevencij\u0105 kalb\u0117ti yra per dr\u0105su, tai smegen\u0173 kraujotakos sutrikim\u0173 prevencija tikrai yra ir ji gerai \u017einoma. Tai – kraujosp\u016bd\u017eio bei gliukoz\u0117s koncentracijos kraujyje normalizacija, \u0161irdies lig\u0173 prevencija.<\/p>\n

Sp\u0117jama, kad rizik\u0105 susirgti AL tur\u0117t\u0173 ma\u017einti:<\/strong><\/p>\n

reguliarus fizinis aktyvumas;<\/p>\n

intelektin\u0117 stimuliacija;<\/p>\n

socialinis aktyvumas (nuolatinis bendravimas, visuomenin\u0117 veikla);<\/p>\n

neriebus maistas, ypa\u010d praturtintas B grup\u0117s vitaminais, folio r\u016bg\u0161timi, Omega-3 riebalin\u0117mis r\u016bg\u0161timis,vaisi\u0173 ir dar\u017eovi\u0173 sultys;<\/p>\n

saikingas alkoholio vartojimas;<\/p>\n

trauminio smegen\u0173 pa\u017eeidimo nebuvimas.<\/p>\n

AL yra nepagydoma liga, ta\u010diau anks\u010diau prad\u0117tas gydymas gali sul\u0117tinti ligos progresavim\u0105, suma\u017einti ligos po\u017eymius ir pagerinti \u0161i\u0173 pacient\u0173 bei j\u0173 artim\u0173j\u0173 gyvenimo kokyb\u0119.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Daugelis vyresnio am\u017eiaus \u017emoni\u0173 pastebi, kad ilgainiui ima silpn\u0117ti atmintis. Nors, medik\u0173 teigimu, u\u017emar\u0161umas – nat\u016bralus procesas, bet ne tada, kai pamir\u0161tame planuotus susitikimus, datas, vardus, nerandame daikt\u0173, sutrinka d\u0117mesys, atsiranda irzlumas ir apatija. Tai gali b\u016bti progresuojan\u010dios Alzheimerio ligos simptomai. Kada ir kam reik\u0117t\u0173 susir\u016bpinti d\u0117l u\u017emar\u0161umo? AL vargina daugiau nei 30 mln. \u017emoni\u0173 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4669","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-sveikatos-saltinis"],"yoast_head":"\nK\u0105 tur\u0117tume \u017einoti apie Alzheimerio lig\u0105? - \u0160ilut\u0117s naujienos<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.silutesnaujienos.lt\/lt\/ka-turetume-zinoti-apie-alzheimerio-liga\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"lt_LT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"K\u0105 tur\u0117tume \u017einoti apie Alzheimerio lig\u0105? - \u0160ilut\u0117s naujienos\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Daugelis vyresnio am\u017eiaus \u017emoni\u0173 pastebi, kad ilgainiui ima silpn\u0117ti atmintis. Nors, medik\u0173 teigimu, u\u017emar\u0161umas – nat\u016bralus procesas, bet ne tada, kai pamir\u0161tame planuotus susitikimus, datas, vardus, nerandame daikt\u0173, sutrinka d\u0117mesys, atsiranda irzlumas ir apatija. Tai gali b\u016bti progresuojan\u010dios Alzheimerio ligos simptomai. Kada ir kam reik\u0117t\u0173 susir\u016bpinti d\u0117l u\u017emar\u0161umo? 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