{"id":49944,"date":"2023-02-20T20:00:19","date_gmt":"2023-02-20T18:00:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silutesnaujienos.lt\/lt\/?p=49944"},"modified":"2023-02-20T13:16:22","modified_gmt":"2023-02-20T11:16:22","slug":"vdu-zua-eksperto-zinia-bebru-myletojams-ir-skeptikams-astriadanciu-skaicius-lietuvoje-optimalus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silutesnaujienos.lt\/lt\/vdu-zua-eksperto-zinia-bebru-myletojams-ir-skeptikams-astriadanciu-skaicius-lietuvoje-optimalus\/","title":{"rendered":"VDU \u017d\u016aA eksperto \u017einia bebr\u0173 myl\u0117tojams ir skeptikams: a\u0161triadan\u010di\u0173 skai\u010dius Lietuvoje optimalus"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u017dal\u0105 atsveria ekosistemos turtinimas <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201eGyv\u016bnus skirstyti \u012f naudingus ar \u017ealingus \u2013 praeities nuostata. \u0160iuo metu teigiame, kad gamtoje visi jos nariai yra vienodai svarb\u016bs ir reikalingi. Ir bebrai ne i\u0161imtis, ta\u010diau \u017emogaus u\u017eduotis i\u0161laikyti optimal\u0173 j\u0173 skai\u010di\u0173, nesvyruojant\u012f nei \u012f vien\u0105, nei \u012f kit\u0105 pus\u0119. Efektyviausias \u0161ios populiacijos valdymo \u012frankis yra atsakinga med\u017eiokl\u0117. Bebrai i\u0161 ties\u0173 nugrau\u017eia med\u017eius, patvenkia mi\u0161ko plotus ir d\u0117l to mi\u0161k\u0173 \u016bkio patiriama \u017eala per metus skai\u010diuojama t\u016bkstan\u010diais kubini\u0173 metr\u0173 prarastos medienos. Be to, jie u\u017etvindo laukus ir gadina \u016bkinink\u0173 pas\u0117lius. Ta\u010diau tuo pa\u010diu metu bebr\u0173 patvenktuose vandens telkiniuose daug\u0117ja augal\u0173 ir gyv\u016bn\u0173 r\u016b\u0161i\u0173, pastebime vis daugiau tokiose teritorijose apsistojan\u010di\u0173 pauk\u0161\u010di\u0173, o pa\u010dios u\u017etvankos tarnauja kaip filtras, sulaikantis i\u0161 lauk\u0173 \u012f pavir\u0161inius vandenis patenkan\u010dius kenksming\u0173 med\u017eiag\u0173 liku\u010dius\u201c, \u2013 teigia VDU \u017d\u016aA Mi\u0161k\u0173 ir ekologijos fakulteto Med\u017eiokl\u0117tyros laboratorijos ved\u0117jas dr. Art\u016bras Kibi\u0161a.<\/p>\n

Ekspertas drauge su partneriais i\u0161 Var\u0161uvos gyvyb\u0117s moksl\u0173 universiteto \u0161iuo metu atlieka tyrim\u0105, kurio tikslas i\u0161siai\u0161kinti, koki\u0173 toksin\u0173 p\u0117dsak\u0173 yra med\u017eiojam\u0173j\u0173 gyv\u016bn\u0173, tarp j\u0173 ir bebr\u0173, vidaus organuose \u2013 kepenyse, inkstuose, blu\u017enyje. \u201eFungiciduose, kuriais pur\u0161kiami pas\u0117liai, esan\u010dios veikliosios med\u017eiagos tetrakonazolas ir imidaklopirinas kaip atskiri komponentai n\u0117ra tokie pavojingi, kaip j\u0173 junginiai. \u0160ios dvi veikliosios med\u017eiagos besikaupdamos kartu yra itin toksi\u0161kos. Da\u017eniausiai tai yra dviej\u0173, trij\u0173 ar net keli\u0173 jungini\u0173 deriniai, galintys sustiprinti neigiam\u0105 poveik\u012f ir sukelti vaisiaus vystymosi sutrikimus, pakenkti \u0161ird\u017eiai. Sinerginis pesticid\u0173 tetrakonazolo ir imidakloprido efektas bi\u010di\u0173 mirtingum\u0105 padidina net 20 proc., sukelia kurapk\u0173 patin\u0173 nevaisingum\u0105. Netrukus su\u017einosime, koki\u0105 \u017eal\u0105 tai daro ir bebrams\u201c, \u2013 drauge su kolegomis lenkais atliekam\u0173 tyrim\u0173 esm\u0119 komentuoja VDU \u017d\u016aA mokslininkas.<\/p>\n

Puikiais statybininkais tituluojami ne veltui<\/strong><\/p>\n

Med\u017eiokl\u0117tyros ekspertas dr. A. Kibi\u0161a prisipa\u017e\u012fsta, kad j\u012f pat\u012f \u017eavi unikalus bebr\u0173 gyvenimo b\u016bdas ir j\u0173 pastatytos u\u017etvankos, kuri\u0173 vir\u0161umi tarsi tiltais aktyviai migruoja visi kiti mi\u0161ko \u017ev\u0117rys \u2013 ir vilkai, ir elnini\u0173 \u0161eimos atstovai. Tad norint su\u017einoti, kas gyvena viename ar kitame mi\u0161ko masyve, pasak pa\u0161nekovo, tereikia prie bebr\u0173 u\u017etvankos pastatyti steb\u0117jimo kamer\u0105.<\/p>\n

Ie\u0161kodami saugaus prieglobs\u010dio bebrai arba rausia urvus sta\u010diuose vandens telkini\u0173 \u0161laituose, arba i\u0161 dumblo ir \u0161ak\u0173 statosi namelius, kurie gali b\u016bti net keliaauk\u0161\u010diai. Vienintelis kelias patekti \u012f bebr\u0173 b\u016bst\u0105 \u2013 \u012fplaukti \u012f j\u012f vandens tuneliais, kuri\u0173 atsargumo d\u0117lei i\u0161sirausiami keli.<\/p>\n

\u201eKartais klaidingai manoma, kad bebrai minta \u017euvimi, ir u\u017etvankas statosi tam, kad b\u016bt\u0173 lengviau pasigauti laimik\u012f.\u201c I\u0161 ties\u0173 bebras \u2013 i\u0161imtinai \u017eol\u0117dis gyv\u016bnas, daugiausia mintantis med\u017ei\u0173 ir kr\u016bm\u0173 \u0161akel\u0117mis bei lapuo\u010di\u0173 med\u017ei\u0173 \u017eieve, o u\u017etvankos jam tarnauja vandens lygiui reguliuoti, kad \u012f trobel\u0117s vid\u0173 vedan\u010dios angos visada b\u016bt\u0173 po vandeniu, o vir\u0161utin\u0117 kamera \u2013 vir\u0161 vandens. \u0160ie unikal\u016bs grau\u017eikai ne veltui tituluojami puikiais statybininkais: jie priekin\u0117mis leten\u0117l\u0117mis sugeba perne\u0161ti akmenis, o uodega meistri\u0161kai purvu \u201ei\u0161sitinkuoti\u201c b\u016bsto sienas. Beje, bebr\u0173 trobel\u0117se ar urvuose net ir \u0161alt\u0105 \u017eiem\u0105 i\u0161silaiko teigiama oro temperat\u016bra. I\u0161 rudens \u012f vandens telkin\u012f \u017ev\u0117reliai b\u016bna prisivert\u0119 pakankamai med\u017ei\u0173, kad maisto atsarg\u0173, nei\u0161lipdami \u012f krant\u0105, nepritr\u016bkt\u0173 iki pavasario. \u017diem\u0105, kai vanduo b\u016bna u\u017eklotas net ir storiausiu ledo sluoksniu, i\u0161 namelio bebrai neria tiesiai \u012f vanden\u012f ir saugiai maitinasi b\u016bdami po ledu. Vyresnieji bebrai niekada pirmi nei\u0161plaukia i\u0161 namelio ir pirmi netvarko praardytos u\u017etvankos. Tai \u2013 jaunimo pareiga\u201c, \u2013 su \u0161ypsena pasakoja ekspertas.<\/p>\n

Bebrai gyvena \u0161eimomis: t\u0117vai ir jaunikliai, da\u017eniausiai 3 pirmame\u010diai ir 2 antrame\u010diai, kuriems dar nepavyko susirasti naujos teritorijos. Pastaruoju laiku jos ie\u0161kodami bebrai kuriasi net sodyb\u0173 tvenkiniuose. \u201eTai tikrai b\u0117da, nes nei vandens i\u0161 tokio tvenkinio i\u0161leisi, nei \u0161autuvu \u012fsibrov\u0117lius sumed\u017eiosi, nes med\u017eiokl\u0117 ar\u010diau kaip 200 m iki gyvenam\u0173j\u0173 nam\u0173 Lietuvoje draud\u017eiama. Kadangi bebr\u0173 racionas asketi\u0161kas ir j\u0173 kaip kanopini\u0173 \u017ev\u0117ri\u0173 dar\u017eov\u0117mis neprisiviliosi, belieka tik dar vienas teis\u0117tas med\u017eiokl\u0117s b\u016bdas \u2013 gaudymas selektyviniais sp\u0105stais\u201c, \u2013 bebr\u0173 med\u017eiokl\u0117s ypatumus komentuoja med\u017eiokl\u0117tyros ekspertas.<\/p>\n

Vertingi kailis ir uodega Europos bebr\u0173 vos nepra\u017eud\u0117<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gamtoje bebr\u0173 prie\u0161ai yra vilkai, l\u016b\u0161ys, pl\u0117\u0161rieji pauk\u0161\u010diai ir ypa\u010d lap\u0117s. Tod\u0117l sausringomis vasaromis, kuomet \u012f bebr\u0173 buveines vedan\u010dios angos i\u0161d\u017ei\u016bsta, lap\u0117s i\u0161med\u017eioja nema\u017eai jaunikli\u0173. Ta\u010diau istori\u0161kai Europos bebr\u0173 populiacija labiausiai yra nukent\u0117jusi d\u0117l nereglamentuotos med\u017eiokl\u0117s. Bebrai buvo beatodairi\u0161kai med\u017eiojami d\u0117l vertingo kailio, taip pat pauodegyje esan\u010di\u0173 muskusini\u0173 liauk\u0173 sruogli\u0173, naudot\u0173 (ir tebenaudojam\u0173) kosmetikos pramon\u0117je.<\/p>\n

\"\"
VDU \u017d\u016aA lekt. dr. Art\u016bras Kibi\u0161a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Dr. A. Kibi\u0161os pasteb\u0117jimu, Lietuvos Did\u017eioji Kunigaik\u0161tyst\u0117 buvo vienintel\u0117 valstyb\u0117 Europoje, kurioje bendr\u0173 med\u017eiokl\u0117 buvo reglamentuota. 1529 m. Pirmasis Lietuvos statutas nurod\u0117, kad bebraviet\u0117se u\u017edrausta lankytis pa\u0161aliniams asmenims, o lauk\u0173 darbus valstie\u010diams leista dirbti tik tokiu atstumu, kad stiprus vyras iki bebro negal\u0117t\u0173 nusviesti pagalio. U\u017e bebr\u0173 prie\u017ei\u016br\u0105 buvo atsakingi special\u016bs dvar\u0173 darbuotojai \u2013 bebrininkai.<\/p>\n

Ta\u010diau, pasak pa\u0161nekovo, tai bebr\u0173 nei\u0161gelb\u0117jo \u2013 per kelis v\u0117lesnius \u0161imtme\u010dius u\u017eklup\u0119 karai, sunkme\u010diai, okupacijos Lietuvos gyventojus vert\u0117 aktyviai u\u017esiimti bebr\u0173 med\u017eioke. Po Antrojo pasaulinio karo \u0161i\u0173 \u017ev\u0117reli\u0173, veikiausiai Nemunu atplaukian\u010di\u0173 i\u0161 Baltarusijos, tebuvo pastebima vienetai.<\/p>\n

Atsakinga med\u017eiokl\u0117 \u2013 efektyviai veikiantis instrumentas populiacijai reguliuoti<\/strong><\/p>\n

Prof. Tado Ivanausko iniciatyva 1947 m. i\u0161 Rusijos, Vorone\u017eo rezervato, bebr\u0173 \u012f Lietuv\u0105 buvo \u012fve\u017eta ir i\u0161leista \u017duvinte. 1948 m. ir 1958 m. reaklimatizacijai \u0161i\u0173 \u017ev\u0117reli\u0173 atve\u017eta i\u0161 Gomelio srities, o 1967 m. prad\u0117tas vietini\u0173 bebr\u0173 perk\u0117limas i\u0161 Dz\u016bkijos regiono \u012f Auk\u0161taitij\u0105.<\/p>\n

\u201e1970 m. Lietuvoje jau gyveno apie 6 t\u016bkst. bebr\u0173. Pastaraisiais metais j\u0173 turime apie 46 t\u016bkstan\u010dius.\u00a0 Ir tai optimalus skai\u010dius, kur\u012f \u0161alies med\u017eiotojai yra paj\u0117g\u016bs i\u0161laikyti ir kuriam esant neigiamas bebr\u0173 poveikis \u017emogaus \u016bkinei veiklai n\u0117ra \u017eymus. Med\u017eiotoj\u0173 \u0161iuo metu Lietuvoje yra 23 t\u016bkst. Turint omenyje, kad bebrien\u0105 ruo\u0161ti esame i\u0161mok\u0119, o vieninteli\u0173 bebr\u0173 med\u017eiokl\u0117s sezonas pavasar\u012f t\u0119siasi ilgiausiai, net iki baland\u017eio 15 d., med\u017eiotojai savo u\u017eduot\u012f tikrai atliks. J\u0173 gretose neabejotinai bus ir VDU \u017d\u016aA Mi\u0161k\u0173 ir ekologijos fakulteto student\u0173. \u0160tai visi\u0161kai neseniai Raudon\u0117s seni\u016bnijos seni\u016bno pra\u0161ymu med\u017eiojome bebrus Jurbarko rajone, prie Raudon\u0117s VDU \u017d\u016aA Med\u017eiokl\u0117tyros laboratorijai priskirtame med\u017eiokl\u0117s plote, kuriame praktik\u0105 atlieka m\u016bs\u0173 studentai bei asmenys, siekiantys \u012fgyti med\u017eiojimo teis\u0119. Ten bebrai buvo u\u017esandarin\u0119 pralaidas ir k\u0117l\u0117 pavoj\u0173 vir\u0161 j\u0173 esantiems keliams. Trumpai tariant, dirba bebrai, dirba ir med\u017eiotojai, bet ten, kur reikia, ir kiek reikia\u201d, \u2013 reziumuoja \u00a0VDU \u017d\u016aA mokslininkas dr. Art\u016bras Kibi\u0161a.<\/p>\n

Prane\u0161imas spaudai<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u017dal\u0105 atsveria ekosistemos turtinimas \u201eGyv\u016bnus skirstyti \u012f naudingus ar \u017ealingus \u2013 praeities nuostata. \u0160iuo metu teigiame, kad gamtoje visi jos nariai yra vienodai svarb\u016bs ir reikalingi. Ir bebrai ne i\u0161imtis, ta\u010diau \u017emogaus u\u017eduotis i\u0161laikyti optimal\u0173 j\u0173 skai\u010di\u0173, nesvyruojant\u012f nei \u012f vien\u0105, nei \u012f kit\u0105 pus\u0119. Efektyviausias \u0161ios populiacijos valdymo \u012frankis yra atsakinga med\u017eiokl\u0117. Bebrai i\u0161 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":49945,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[47],"class_list":["post-49944","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-gamta","tag-pirmasis"],"yoast_head":"\nVDU \u017d\u016aA eksperto \u017einia bebr\u0173 myl\u0117tojams ir skeptikams: a\u0161triadan\u010di\u0173 skai\u010dius Lietuvoje optimalus - \u0160ilut\u0117s naujienos<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.silutesnaujienos.lt\/lt\/vdu-zua-eksperto-zinia-bebru-myletojams-ir-skeptikams-astriadanciu-skaicius-lietuvoje-optimalus\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"lt_LT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"VDU \u017d\u016aA eksperto \u017einia bebr\u0173 myl\u0117tojams ir skeptikams: a\u0161triadan\u010di\u0173 skai\u010dius Lietuvoje optimalus - \u0160ilut\u0117s naujienos\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u017dal\u0105 atsveria ekosistemos turtinimas \u201eGyv\u016bnus skirstyti \u012f naudingus ar \u017ealingus \u2013 praeities nuostata. \u0160iuo metu teigiame, kad gamtoje visi jos nariai yra vienodai svarb\u016bs ir reikalingi. Ir bebrai ne i\u0161imtis, ta\u010diau \u017emogaus u\u017eduotis i\u0161laikyti optimal\u0173 j\u0173 skai\u010di\u0173, nesvyruojant\u012f nei \u012f vien\u0105, nei \u012f kit\u0105 pus\u0119. Efektyviausias \u0161ios populiacijos valdymo \u012frankis yra atsakinga med\u017eiokl\u0117. 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