{"id":57367,"date":"2023-01-02T12:00:43","date_gmt":"2023-01-02T10:00:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silutesnaujienos.lt\/lt\/?p=57367"},"modified":"2023-12-27T12:49:47","modified_gmt":"2023-12-27T10:49:47","slug":"kraujo-donorystes-abc-atsakymai-i-dazniausius-klausimus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silutesnaujienos.lt\/lt\/kraujo-donorystes-abc-atsakymai-i-dazniausius-klausimus\/","title":{"rendered":"Kraujo donoryst\u0117s ABC: atsakymai \u012f da\u017eniausius klausimus"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gydytoja hematolog\u0117 Aust\u0117ja Dapkevi\u010di\u016bt\u0117-Purlien\u0117 pasakoja, kad da\u017eniausiai sveiko \u017emogaus kraujo prireikia po \u012fvairi\u0173 susi\u017ealojim\u0173, traum\u0173, taip pat sergantiems anemija, \u012fvairiomis inkst\u0173 ligomis ar v\u0117\u017eiu. Kai kuriems pacientams, sergantiems labai sunkiomis kraujo v\u0117\u017eio atmainomis, gali b\u016bti reikalingas net kraujodaros kamienini\u0173 l\u0105steli\u0173 persodinimas, kurio metu visi\u0161kai sunaikinama sena kraujodaros sistema ir sula\u0161inamos i\u0161 donoro surinktos kraujodaros kamienin\u0117s l\u0105stel\u0117s. Tokiems pacientams tenka susidoroti su ilgu gydymu. Vien laukiant, kol organizmas pripa\u017eins nauj\u0105 krauj\u0105, tenka atlikti daug perpylim\u0173, kartais vir\u0161 150. Ta\u010diau tai padeda u\u017etikrinti esmines organizmo funkcijas ir gelbsti gyvyb\u0119.<\/p>\n

Kas gali aukoti kraujo?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vos iki pusvaland\u017eio trunkan\u010dioje kraujo donoryst\u0117je slypi gausyb\u0117 aspekt\u0173. Vis\u0173 pirma svarbu, kad paciento ir donoro kraujo grup\u0117s sutapt\u0173, taip pat b\u016btina nustatyti kraujyje esan\u010dius antik\u016bnus. Pasak hematolog\u0117s, egzistuoja ir viena universali kraujo grup\u0117 \u2013 O RhD. J\u0105 turintys asmenys gali aukoti kraujo visiems, kit\u0105 kraujo grup\u0119 turintiems, asmenims. Tai praver\u010dia, kai skubiai reikia atlikti kraujo perpylim\u0105 ir n\u0117ra pakankamai laiko nustatyti paciento kraujo grup\u0119.<\/p>\n

\u201eDa\u017eniausiai kraujo donoro lytis didel\u0117s reik\u0161m\u0117s neturi, visgi, moter\u0173 kraujo panaudojamumui \u012ftak\u0105 gali tur\u0117ti buv\u0119 n\u0117\u0161tumai. Kartais vaisiaus kraujo l\u0105stel\u0117s gali pasiekti mamos kraujotak\u0105, pastaroji \u0161ias l\u0105steles atpa\u017e\u012fsta kaip svetimas. Tokiu atveju mamos organizme susidaro antik\u016bnai, organizme i\u0161liekantys vis\u0105 gyvenim\u0105. Moteriai \u0161ie antik\u016bnai kasdienyb\u0117s visi\u0161kai nepakei\u010dia, ta\u010diau naudojant tok\u012f krauj\u0105 pacientui, pasekm\u0117s kartais gali b\u016bti \u017ealingos. Bet ir tokioje situacijoje galima \u012f\u017evelgti donoryst\u0117s naud\u0105 \u2013 kadangi \u0161i\u0173 l\u0105steli\u0173 nelieka donuot\u0173 eritrocit\u0173 mas\u0117je, j\u0105 taip pat galima naudoti gyvybi\u0173 gelb\u0117jimui\u201c, \u2013 sako gydytoja.<\/p>\n

Dar vienas skirtumas tarp skirting\u0173 kraujo donor\u0173 ly\u010di\u0173 \u2013 vyr\u0173 organizmuose da\u017eniausiai aptinkami auk\u0161tesni hemoglobino ir feritino kiekiai, nes nema\u017eai gele\u017eies dali\u0173 moterys netenka menstruacij\u0173 metu. D\u0117l to kraujo donorais da\u017eniau tampa vyrai \u2013 per metus moterims rekomenduojama nevir\u0161yti 4 kraujo donoryst\u0117s kart\u0173, vyrams \u2013 5 kart\u0173, kad nei\u0161sekt\u0173 gele\u017eies atsargos organizme.<\/p>\n

Nauda ir donorui<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kraujo donorai proced\u016bros metu neretai su\u017eino daug naudingos informacijos apie savo b\u016bkl\u0119. Pavyzd\u017eiui, visada nustatoma ABO kraujo grup\u0117, Rezus D antigenas, Kell sistemos K antigenas ir hemoglobino kiekis kraujyje. \u0160ie rodikliai padeda suprasti, ar asmuo tuo metu gali b\u016bti donoru. Taip pat patikrinamas donoro u\u017esikr\u0117timas infekcin\u0117mis ligomis (sifiliu, \u017dIV, hepatitais B ir C, parvovirusine infekcija). Tai itin naudinga, nes kartais pradin\u0117se ligos stadijose asmuo apie sirgim\u0105 ne\u017eino.<\/p>\n

Kraujo davimas gali b\u016bti naudingas ir tiems, kurie serga hemochromatoze \u2013 tai b\u016bkl\u0117, kai organizme yra gele\u017eies perteklius. Duodami kraujo jie ne tik pagerina savo savijaut\u0105, bet ir padeda sveikti kitiems. Prie\u0161 kraujo davim\u0105 donorams pamatuojamas kraujo spaudimas, pulsas, pacientas pasveriamas, o \u0161i informacija praver\u010dia anks\u010diau aptinkant \u0161irdies ir kraujotakos sistemos sutrikimus.<\/p>\n

Da\u017eniausiai donorus reguliariai lankytis kraujo centruose motyvuoja tai, kad yra vir\u0161 25 proc. tikimyb\u0117, jog per vis\u0105 gyvenim\u0105 mums patiems prireiks bent 1 kraujo transfuzijos. Tod\u0117l vert\u0117t\u0173 atsiminti, kad vien\u0105 dien\u0105 duodame mes, kit\u0105 dien\u0105 kraujo gali prireikti mums ar m\u016bs\u0173 mylimiems \u017emon\u0117ms.<\/p>\n

Nacionalinio kraujo centro direktorius Daumantas Gutauskas sako, kad kraujo donoryst\u0117s prasm\u0117 yra ne\u012fkainojama. Kasmet kraujo ir jo komponent\u0173 perpylimas pasaulyje padeda i\u0161saugoti milijonus gyvybi\u0173 \u2013 vienas kraujo donoras gali i\u0161gelb\u0117ti trij\u0173 \u017emoni\u0173 likimus.<\/p>\n

Kraujo centruose nuolat stebima donor\u0173 sveikata, o patirtis liudija, kad kraujo donoryst\u0117 neturi neigiamos \u012ftakos donor\u0173 sveikatai. Dalis gyventoj\u0173 mano, kad kraujo davimo metu galima u\u017esikr\u0117sti tam tikromis ligomis. Tai n\u0117ra tiesa. Kraujo centrai vieni pirm\u0173j\u0173 i\u0161 medicinos \u012fstaig\u0173 prad\u0117jo dirbti tik su vienkartin\u0117mis priemon\u0117ms visi\u0161kai atsisakydami daugkartini\u0173 sterilizuojam\u0173 priemoni\u0173.<\/p>\n

Centruose krauj\u0105 ima tik \u012f vienkartines kraujo surinkimo sistemas, o visos medicinin\u0117s priemon\u0117s \u2013 pradedant adat\u0117le, kuria duriama \u012f pir\u0161t\u0105, naudojamos tik vien\u0105 kart\u0105, baigiant kraujo mai\u0161eli\u0173 sistema, kurioje integruota speciali sterili adata, naudojama tik konkre\u010diam donorui kraujo \u0117mimo metu. \u017dmogus, duodamas kraujo, negali u\u017esikr\u0117sti, nes vienintelis kontaktas yra per adat\u0105 su oda. Aukojan\u010di\u0173 krauj\u0105 kasmet yra vis daugiau.<\/p>\n

K\u0105 reikia \u017einoti?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kraujo donoru gali b\u016bti tik pilnametyst\u0117s sulauk\u0119s asmuo, sveriantis ne ma\u017eiau nei 50 kg.<\/p>\n

Kraujo duoti negalima, jei hemoglobino kiekis kraujyje moterims yra ma\u017eesnis nei 125 g\/l, vyrams \u2013 ma\u017eesnis nei 135 g\/l.<\/p>\n

Kraujo donorais negali tapti sergantieji cukriniu diabetu, tuberkulioze, piktybin\u0117mis ir infekcin\u0117mis (hepatitu B, hepatitu C, \u017dIV, sifiliu) ligomis, taip pat sunkiomis \u0161irdies ir kraujagysli\u0173, skrand\u017eio, \u017earnyno, kv\u0117pavimo, centrin\u0117s nerv\u0173 sistemos, \u0161lapimo tak\u0173 ir kit\u0173 sistem\u0173 ligomis.<\/p>\n

Kraujo negali duoti intravenini\u0173 narkotik\u0173 vartotojai, asmenys, d\u0117l kuri\u0173 seksualin\u0117s elgsenos kyla rizika u\u017esikr\u0117sti krauju plintan\u010dia sunkia infekcine liga, n\u0117\u0161\u010dios moterys.<\/p>\n

Norint duoti kraujo po COVID-19 infekcijos tur\u0117t\u0173 praeiti bent 14 dien\u0173 nuo pasveikimo, o po operacijos \u2013 bent 4 m\u0117nesiai.<\/p>\n

Kraujo negalima duoti, jei per pastaruosius 4 m\u0117nesius asmeniui buvo daryta tatuiruot\u0117.<\/p>\n

Privalu b\u016bti pails\u0117jus, i\u0161g\u0117rus bent 1,5 l skys\u010di\u0173, so\u010diai pavalgius, patariama ner\u016bkyti, i\u0161vakar\u0117se \u2013 atsisakyti alkoholini\u0173 g\u0117rim\u0173, a\u0161traus, riebaus maisto.<\/p>\n

Po proced\u016bros pravartu nesportuoti, nekelti sunki\u0173 daikt\u0173, nevartoti alkoholini\u0173 g\u0117rim\u0173.<\/p>\n

Pagal BNS inf.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Gydytoja hematolog\u0117 Aust\u0117ja Dapkevi\u010di\u016bt\u0117-Purlien\u0117 pasakoja, kad da\u017eniausiai sveiko \u017emogaus kraujo prireikia po \u012fvairi\u0173 susi\u017ealojim\u0173, traum\u0173, taip pat sergantiems anemija, \u012fvairiomis inkst\u0173 ligomis ar v\u0117\u017eiu. Kai kuriems pacientams, sergantiems labai sunkiomis kraujo v\u0117\u017eio atmainomis, gali b\u016bti reikalingas net kraujodaros kamienini\u0173 l\u0105steli\u0173 persodinimas, kurio metu visi\u0161kai sunaikinama sena kraujodaros sistema ir sula\u0161inamos i\u0161 donoro surinktos kraujodaros kamienin\u0117s […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":57369,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[47],"class_list":["post-57367","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-sveikatos-saltinis","tag-pirmasis"],"yoast_head":"\nKraujo donoryst\u0117s ABC: atsakymai \u012f da\u017eniausius klausimus - \u0160ilut\u0117s naujienos<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.silutesnaujienos.lt\/lt\/kraujo-donorystes-abc-atsakymai-i-dazniausius-klausimus\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"lt_LT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kraujo donoryst\u0117s ABC: atsakymai \u012f da\u017eniausius klausimus - \u0160ilut\u0117s naujienos\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Gydytoja hematolog\u0117 Aust\u0117ja Dapkevi\u010di\u016bt\u0117-Purlien\u0117 pasakoja, kad da\u017eniausiai sveiko \u017emogaus kraujo prireikia po \u012fvairi\u0173 susi\u017ealojim\u0173, traum\u0173, taip pat sergantiems anemija, \u012fvairiomis inkst\u0173 ligomis ar v\u0117\u017eiu. Kai kuriems pacientams, sergantiems labai sunkiomis kraujo v\u0117\u017eio atmainomis, gali b\u016bti reikalingas net kraujodaros kamienini\u0173 l\u0105steli\u0173 persodinimas, kurio metu visi\u0161kai sunaikinama sena kraujodaros sistema ir sula\u0161inamos i\u0161 donoro surinktos kraujodaros kamienin\u0117s […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.silutesnaujienos.lt\/lt\/kraujo-donorystes-abc-atsakymai-i-dazniausius-klausimus\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0160ilut\u0117s naujienos\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/silutes.naujienos\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-01-02T10:00:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-12-27T10:49:47+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.silutesnaujienos.lt\/lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/blood-5053760_1280.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1280\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"853\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u0160ilut\u0117s naujien\u0173 inf.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u0160ilut\u0117s naujien\u0173 inf.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minut\u0117s\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.silutesnaujienos.lt\\\/lt\\\/kraujo-donorystes-abc-atsakymai-i-dazniausius-klausimus\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.silutesnaujienos.lt\\\/lt\\\/kraujo-donorystes-abc-atsakymai-i-dazniausius-klausimus\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\u0160ilut\u0117s naujien\u0173 inf.\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.silutesnaujienos.lt\\\/lt\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/976440ef837444400af3c77c19c61454\"},\"headline\":\"Kraujo donoryst\u0117s ABC: atsakymai \u012f da\u017eniausius klausimus\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-01-02T10:00:43+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-12-27T10:49:47+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.silutesnaujienos.lt\\\/lt\\\/kraujo-donorystes-abc-atsakymai-i-dazniausius-klausimus\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":876,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.silutesnaujienos.lt\\\/lt\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.silutesnaujienos.lt\\\/lt\\\/kraujo-donorystes-abc-atsakymai-i-dazniausius-klausimus\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.silutesnaujienos.lt\\\/lt\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/12\\\/blood-5053760_1280.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Pirmasis\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Sveikatos \u0161altinis\"],\"inLanguage\":\"lt-LT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.silutesnaujienos.lt\\\/lt\\\/kraujo-donorystes-abc-atsakymai-i-dazniausius-klausimus\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.silutesnaujienos.lt\\\/lt\\\/kraujo-donorystes-abc-atsakymai-i-dazniausius-klausimus\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.silutesnaujienos.lt\\\/lt\\\/kraujo-donorystes-abc-atsakymai-i-dazniausius-klausimus\\\/\",\"name\":\"Kraujo donoryst\u0117s ABC: atsakymai \u012f da\u017eniausius klausimus - 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