{"id":695,"date":"2015-10-15T13:00:00","date_gmt":"2015-10-15T15:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silutesnaujienos.lt\/lt\/atlieku-deginimas-mitai-ir-realybe\/"},"modified":"2015-10-15T13:00:00","modified_gmt":"2015-10-15T15:00:00","slug":"atlieku-deginimas-mitai-ir-realybe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silutesnaujienos.lt\/lt\/atlieku-deginimas-mitai-ir-realybe\/","title":{"rendered":"Atliek\u0173 deginimas: mitai ir realyb\u0117"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Atlieku<\/a>Lietuvai tapus Europos S\u0105jungos (ES) nare, buvo u\u017edaryta beveik 800 sen\u0173 s\u0105vartyn\u0173. Aplinkosaugos specialistai tai vadina tik vienu i\u0161 pirm\u0173j\u0173 \u017eingsni\u0173 vakarieti\u0161kos atliek\u0173 tvarkymo kult\u016bros kryptimi. Daugelio Europos miest\u0173 atliekos jau kuris laikas yra naudojamos kaip energijos \u0161altinis. Tokia j\u0173 tvarkymo sistema ma\u017eina s\u0105vartynuose kaupiam\u0173 atliek\u0173 kiek\u012f.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kauno technologijos universiteto (KTU) Chemin\u0117s technologijos fakulteto Aplinkosaugos technologijos katedros profesorius Gintaras Denafas neabejoja, kad augantis lietuvi\u0173 ekologinis s\u0105moningumas ir did\u0117janti atliek\u0173 r\u016b\u0161iavimo tendencija \u2013 \u012frodymas, jog pasaulyje pasiteisin\u0119s pa\u017eangus atliek\u0173 tvarkymo modelis turi prigyti ir Lietuvoje.<\/p>\n

Nieko nekainuojanti \u017ealiava<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u012e s\u0105vartynus kasmet i\u0161ve\u017eama ma\u017edaug 3 mln. ton\u0173 \u012fvairi\u0173 atliek\u0173, ta\u010diau remiantis Lietuvos statistikos departamento duomenimis i\u0161 j\u0173 perdirbama vos 30 proc. Tod\u0117l atliek\u0173 deginimas pad\u0117t\u0173 spr\u0119sti ne vien atliek\u0173 utilizavimo problem\u0105, bet atne\u0161t\u0173 ap\u010diuopiamos energetin\u0117s naudos.  <\/p>\n

\u201ePuikus pavyzdys Klaip\u0117doje veikianti pirmoji Lietuvoje biokuro ir atliek\u0173 termofikacin\u0117 j\u0117gain\u0117.Deginant atliekas joje pagaminama beveik pus\u0117 miestui ap\u0161ildyti suvartojamo energijos kiekio, \u2013 pa\u017eymi prof. Gintaras Denafas. \u2013 Apmaudu, kad kai kurie ankstesni nes\u0117kmingi atliek\u0173 deginimo bandymai tapo koziriu atliek\u0173 deginimo prie\u0161inink\u0173 rankose, kur\u012f jie naudoja kritikuodami toki\u0105 galimyb\u0119 ir apskritai neigdami tok\u012f poreik\u012f.\u201c<\/p>\n

\u012e uostamiestyje esan\u010di\u0105 termofikacin\u0119 j\u0117gain\u0119 \u201eFortum Klaip\u0117da\u201c atliekos gabenamos i\u0161 skirting\u0173 \u0161alies region\u0173. Energijos gamybai naudojamos komunalin\u0117s ir nepavojingos pramonin\u0117s atliekos, biokuras. 2014 m. \u201eFortum Klaip\u0117da\u201c j\u0117gain\u0117je sudeginta 141 t\u016bkst. ton\u0173 atliek\u0173. Nuo \u0161i\u0173 met\u0173 prad\u017eios sur\u016b\u0161iuotas ir deginimui paruo\u0161tas atliekas j\u0117gainei prad\u0117jo tiekti ir ekologijos bendrov\u0117 \u201eEcoservice\u201c. Pagal sutart\u012f bendrov\u0117 per metus gali patiekti iki 40 t\u016bkst. ton\u0173 po r\u016b\u0161iavimo likusi\u0173 atliek\u0173.<\/p>\n

\u201eNors vis daugiau gyventoj\u0173 \u012fsitraukia \u012f atliek\u0173 r\u016b\u0161iavimo proces\u0105, \u0161alyje susikaupiantis atliek\u0173 kiekis kelia vis daugiau r\u016bpes\u010di\u0173 atliek\u0173 tvarkytojams. Net ir kruop\u0161\u010diai i\u0161r\u016b\u0161iuotos atliekos ne visada gali b\u016bti perdirbamos, tod\u0117l tenka ie\u0161koti kit\u0173 j\u0173 tvarkymo b\u016bd\u0173\u201c, \u2013 teigia \u201eEcoservice\u201c vykdomoji  direktor\u0117 Daiva Skrupskelien\u0117.<\/p>\n

Bene vienintel\u0117 alternatyva atliek\u0173 deginimui \u2013 j\u0173 laidojimas s\u0105vartynuose. \u201eNesiimant reikiam\u0173 priemoni\u0173 juose kaupiamos atliekos pasieks kritin\u0119 rib\u0105 ir padarys neatitaisom\u0105 \u017eal\u0105 aplinkai\u201c, \u2013 akcentuoja D. Skrupskelien\u0117.<\/p>\n

Ekologi\u0161ka i\u0161eitis<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u012ediegus modernias deginimo technoogijas ir efektyvias d\u016bm\u0173 valymo sistemas, atliek\u0173 deginimas tapo ekologi\u0161kesnis ne tik u\u017e atliek\u0173 \u0161alinim\u0105 s\u0105vartynuose, bet ir u\u017e energijos gamyb\u0105 naudojant i\u0161kastin\u012f kur\u0105. Pavyzd\u017eiui, ter\u0161al\u0173 koncentracija \u201eFortum Klaip\u0117da\u201c  j\u0117gain\u0117s i\u0161einan\u010diuose d\u016bmuose yra keliasde\u0161imt kart\u0173 ma\u017eesn\u0117, nei leistina pagal ES ir Lietuvos teis\u0117s aktus.<\/p>\n

 \u201eDaugelis klysta manydami, kad atliek\u0173 deginimas yra savaiminis blogis, kuris  ter\u0161ia aplink\u0105 ir yra pavojingas \u017emoni\u0173 sveikatai. \u0160iuolaikin\u0117 kokybi\u0161ka deginimo \u012franga u\u017etikrina, kad \u012f aplink\u0105 patekt\u0173   ma\u017eiau kenksming\u0173 med\u017eiag\u0173 nei j\u0173 i\u0161meta kitos, skystu arba kietu kuru k\u016brenamos, katilin\u0117s ir elektrin\u0117s\u201c, \u2013 pastebi prof. G. Denafas.<\/p>\n

Mokslininkas remiasi tyrimais, rodan\u010diais, kad lyginant s\u0105vartynuose i\u0161siskirian\u010dius ter\u0161alus su atliek\u0173 deginimo emisija, nustatyta, kad deginant atliekas \u012f aplink\u0105 patenka apie 10 kart\u0173 ma\u017eiau \u0161iltnamio duj\u0173, o \u017emogui nuoding\u0173 ir smog\u0105 sukelian\u010di\u0173 med\u017eiag\u0173 \u2013 net 200 kart\u0173 ma\u017eiau.<\/p>\n

Deginant kai kuriais atliekas gali b\u016bti naudojamas papildomas dujinis arba skystas kuras. Tai daroma deginant specifines, pavojingas, ma\u017eai degias arba i\u0161vis nedegias atliekas, kurias b\u016btina sunaikinti.<\/p>\n

Deginant buitines atliekas papildomos dujos nenaudojamos visi\u0161kai. \u201eDujinis ar skysto kuro degiklis \u012fjungiamas tik dviem atvejais \u2013 paleid\u017eiant arba stabdant deginimo proces\u0105. Taip neleid\u017eiama susidaryti  organiniams ter\u0161alams, kurie gali pateikt\u012f \u012f aplink\u0105, kai atliekos dar n\u0117ra pakankamai \u012fsiliepsnojusios\u201d, \u2013 ai\u0161kina profesorius.<\/p>\n

Atsiperkanti investicija<\/strong><\/p>\n

Modernios ir aplink\u0105 tausojan\u010dios atliek\u0173 deginimo gamyklos \u2013 nema\u017ea investicija, tod\u0117l da\u017enai abejojama ar atsipirks investicijos \u012f j\u0173 statyb\u0105 ir \u012frengim\u0105.<\/p>\n

\u201eInvesticijos \u012f ilgalaik\u012f \u012frengin\u012f, kuriame gali b\u016bti tvarkomi dideli atliek\u0173 kiekiai \u2013 nei\u0161vengiamos.  Gyvename daug vartojan\u010dioje visuomen\u0117je, tod\u0117l privalome ie\u0161koti efektyvi\u0173 b\u016bd\u0173 kaip kovoti su patogaus gyvenimo padariniais ir juos likviduoti, kol ne v\u0117lu\u201c, \u2013 teigia prof. G. Denafas. \u0160iandien investav\u0119 \u012f deginimo \u012frengin\u012f suma\u017einsime ateities i\u0161laidas, kuri\u0173 reik\u0117s likviduojant s\u0105vartyn\u0173 \u017eal\u0105 gamtai.<\/p>\n

Taip pat atliek\u0173 deginimas yra kur kas ekonomi\u0161kesnis atliek\u0173 tvarkymo b\u016bdas palyginus su gabenimu \u012f s\u0105vartyn\u0105.  \u201ePavyzd\u017eiui, deginimui atliekos priimamos u\u017e mokest\u012f, kuris svyruoja nuo 14 iki 30 Eur u\u017e ton\u0105. Jo dydis priklauso nuo bendro atliek\u0173 kiekio ir kaloringumo. Tuo tarpu u\u017e to paties atliek\u0173 kiekio pri\u0117mim\u0105 \u012f s\u0105vartyn\u0105 tenka mok\u0117ti vadinam\u0105j\u012f \u201evart\u0173 mokest\u012f\u201c, kurio tarifas \u2013  nuo 35 iki 40 Eur, \u2013 sako D. Skrupskelien\u0117.                                           <\/p>\n

Atliek\u0173 deginimas \u2013 nei\u0161vengiamas<\/strong><\/p>\n

Atliek\u0173 deginimas yra glaud\u017eiai susij\u0119s su r\u016b\u0161iavimu. Visgi D. Skrupskelien\u0117s teigimu, tik palyginti nedidel\u0117 dalis vis\u0173 i\u0161r\u016b\u0161iuot\u0173 atliek\u0173 yra perdirbama ir panaudojama kaip antrin\u0117 \u017ealiava.<\/p>\n

\u201eJei atliek\u0173 kaupimosi tendencijos ateityje liks tokios pa\u010dios, Net ir i\u0161augusios atliek\u0173 perdirbimo galimyb\u0117s nepad\u0117s i\u0161spr\u0119sti problemos, kadangi perdirbimui netinkam\u0173 atliek\u0173 dalis i\u0161liks. Vienintel\u0117 i\u0161eitis \u2013 deginimas. Kitu atveju nei\u0161vengiamai did\u0117s s\u0105vartynai\u201c, \u2013 pastebi D. Skrupskelien\u0117.<\/p>\n

Remiantis Lietuvos ir ES reglamentavimu, atliek\u0173 deginimo j\u0117gain\u0117se gali b\u016bti deginamos tik tos atliekos, kurios negali b\u016bti toliau perdirbamos.<\/p>\n

Anot prof. G. Denafo, siekiant padidinti toki\u0173 gamykl\u0173 efektyvum\u0105, planuojamose statyti  kitose Lietuvos deginimo \u012fmon\u0117se bus deginamos jau ne buitin\u0117s atliekos, o vadinamasis kietasis-atgautasis kuras, kuris i\u0161gaunamas buitini\u0173 atliek\u0173 mechaninio-biologinio apdorojimo metu. Kietasis-atgautasis kuras yra sudarytas i\u0161 popieriaus, plastik\u0173 ir medienos frakcij\u0173 ir yra bent du kartus kaloringesnis u\u017e pradines atliekas. Energijos gamybai kaip kuras gali b\u016bti naudojamos ir s\u0105vartynuose jau sukauptos atliekos \u2013 tam reikalingi sprendimai, kurie i\u0161judint\u0173 s\u0105vartyn\u0173 kasybos procesus.<\/p>\n

\u0160iuo metu visoje Europoje veikia daugiau kaip 400 atliek\u0173 deginimo gamykl\u0173, daugiausia  \u2013 127 Pranc\u016bzijoje.<\/p>\n

Deginimo metodas yra ypa\u010d populiarus ma\u017eose pagal plot\u0105 valstyb\u0117se vykstant spartiems urbanizacijos procesams, ple\u010diantis miestams. Artimiausiu metu Europos \u0161alyse numatyta pastatyti dar 35 tokias gamyklas.<\/p>\n

Apie \u201eEcoservice\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201eEcoservice\u201c savo veikl\u0105 vykdo jau 20 met\u0173. \u0160iuo metu bendrov\u0117 valdo did\u017eiausi\u0105 atliek\u0173 tvarkymo tinkl\u0105 keturiolikoje Lietuvos savivaldybi\u0173. \u201eEcoservice\u201c r\u016bpinasi komunalini\u0173, statybini\u0173 ir stambiagabari\u010di\u0173 atliek\u0173 bei antrini\u0173 \u017ealiav\u0173 surinkimu, ve\u017eimu ir apdorojimu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lietuvai tapus Europos S\u0105jungos (ES) nare, buvo u\u017edaryta beveik 800 sen\u0173 s\u0105vartyn\u0173. Aplinkosaugos specialistai tai vadina tik vienu i\u0161 pirm\u0173j\u0173 \u017eingsni\u0173 vakarieti\u0161kos atliek\u0173 tvarkymo kult\u016bros kryptimi. Daugelio Europos miest\u0173 atliekos jau kuris laikas yra naudojamos kaip energijos \u0161altinis. Tokia j\u0173 tvarkymo sistema ma\u017eina s\u0105vartynuose kaupiam\u0173 atliek\u0173 kiek\u012f. Kauno technologijos universiteto (KTU) Chemin\u0117s technologijos fakulteto Aplinkosaugos […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-695","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-kultura-ir-svietimas"],"yoast_head":"\nAtliek\u0173 deginimas: mitai ir realyb\u0117 - \u0160ilut\u0117s naujienos<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.silutesnaujienos.lt\/lt\/atlieku-deginimas-mitai-ir-realybe\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"lt_LT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Atliek\u0173 deginimas: mitai ir realyb\u0117 - \u0160ilut\u0117s naujienos\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Lietuvai tapus Europos S\u0105jungos (ES) nare, buvo u\u017edaryta beveik 800 sen\u0173 s\u0105vartyn\u0173. Aplinkosaugos specialistai tai vadina tik vienu i\u0161 pirm\u0173j\u0173 \u017eingsni\u0173 vakarieti\u0161kos atliek\u0173 tvarkymo kult\u016bros kryptimi. Daugelio Europos miest\u0173 atliekos jau kuris laikas yra naudojamos kaip energijos \u0161altinis. Tokia j\u0173 tvarkymo sistema ma\u017eina s\u0105vartynuose kaupiam\u0173 atliek\u0173 kiek\u012f. 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